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The use of solid catalysts for the upgrade of renewable sources gives the opportunity to combine the two main cores of green chemistry, that is, on the one hand, the set-up of sustainable processes and, on the other, the use of biomass-derived materials. Solid catalysts have taken on a leading role in traditional petrochemical processes and could represent a key tool in new biorefinery-driven technologies.

heterogeneous catalysis --- transfer hydrogenation --- biomass conversion --- biofuels --- catalytic materials --- hydrogenolysis --- ethylene glycol --- propylene glycol --- xylitol --- solid base catalyst --- aqueous phase --- alditol --- heterogeneous catalysis --- biorefinery --- solid-acid catalyst --- biochar-supported metal catalysts --- surface functional groups --- hydrothermal carbonization --- surface functionalization --- biofuel production --- terpenes --- terpenoids --- biomass --- heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts --- amination --- transition metals --- supported metals --- biomass valorization --- value-added products --- heterogeneous catalysis --- hybrid materials --- metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) --- solid acids --- acidic clays --- terpenes --- citronellal --- octahydroacridines --- heterogeneous catalysis --- hydrogenolysis --- transesterification --- CuZn catalysts --- calcination atmosphere --- calcination temperature --- carbon nanotubes --- carbohydrates --- HMF --- Lewis acids --- NMR --- lignin --- catalytic transfer hydrogenation --- hydrogenolysis --- liquid phase reductive depolymerization --- hydrogen donors --- phenolic and aromatic compounds