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This study presents the gestures typically combined with seven German modal particles (denn, doch, eben, eigentlich, einfach, halt, and ja) and analyzes the degree to which the co-occurrences discovered should be seen as multimodal constructions as defined by construction grammar. The study also explores the grammaticalization of such gestures (especially head-shakes and pointing gestures).

Modal Particles --- German --- Construction --- Gesture