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This book covers aspects and achievements of the baryonic (star and gas) component of galaxy halos as presented at the successful conference “On the Origin (and Evolution) of Baryonic Galaxy Halos”, held on the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, March 13–17, 2017. It can be regarded as a compendium of the prominent results in this field. The main focus is the latest simulations and observations of galaxy halos. This compendium is recommended to researchers, and advanced students, as it contains peer-reviewed high quality papers that will meet their scientific needs and help to initiate new research directions. Everything described in this book is the result of a truly collective effort from the participants of the Galapagos conference.

galaxies, galaxy formation, galaxy evolution, galaxy halos, galaxy clusters, numerical simulations, cosmology.

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Climate change affects global and regional water cycling, as well as surficial and subsurface water availability. These changes have increased the vulnerabilities of ecosystems and of human society. Understanding how climate change has affected water resource variability in the past and how climate change is leading to rapid changes in contemporary systems is of critical importance for sustainable development in different parts of the world. This Special Issue focuses on “Water Resource Variability and Climate Change” and aims to present a collection of articles addressing various aspects of water resource variability as well as how such variabilities are affected by changing climates. Potential topics include the reconstruction of historic moisture fluctuations, based on various proxies (such as tree rings, sediment cores, and landform features), the empirical monitoring of water variability based on field survey and remote sensing techniques, and the projection of future water cycling using numerical model simulations.

Global and regional water cycles, Climate change, Water resource variability, Remote sensing of water resources, LiDAR applications for water resources, Surface Water fluctuations, Model simulations of water resources

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Following the classical work of Norbert Wiener, Ross Ashby, Ludwig von Bertalanffy and many others, the concept of System has been elaborated in different disciplinary fields, allowing interdisciplinary approaches in areas such as Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Cognitive Science, Economics, Engineering, Social Sciences, Mathematics, Medicine, Artificial Intelligence, and Philosophy. The new challenge of Complexity and Emergence has made the concept of System even more relevant to the study of problems with high contextuality. This Special Issue focuses on the nature of new problems arising from the study and modelling of complexity, their eventual common aspects, properties and approaches—already partially considered by different disciplines—as well as focusing on new, possibly unitary, theoretical frameworks. This Special Issue aims to introduce fresh impetus into systems research when the possible detection and correction of mistakes require the development of new knowledge. This book contains contributions presenting new approaches and results, problems and proposals. The context is an interdisciplinary framework dealing, in order, with electronic engineering problems; the problem of the observer; transdisciplinarity; problems of organised complexity; theoretical incompleteness; design of digital systems in a user-centred way; reaction networks as a framework for systems modelling; emergence of a stable system in reaction networks; emergence at the fundamental systems level; behavioural realization of memoryless functions.

Coherence --- Complexity --- Computation --- Cybernetic Approach --- Design --- Emergence --- Incompleteness --- Irreversibility --- Memory Less Functions --- Meta-Structures --- Noise --- Non-Linearity --- Non-Linearity --- Observer --- Organisations --- Power Laws --- Quantum-Like Systems --- Reaction Networks --- Scale Invariance --- Self-Organisation --- Simulations --- Systems --- Uncertainty --- Uniqueness

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The term ‘biomedical engineering’ refers to the application of the principles and problem-solving techniques of engineering to biology and medicine. Biomedical engineering is an interdisciplinary branch, as many of the problems health professionals are confronted with have traditionally been of interest to engineers because they involve processes that are fundamental to engineering practice. Biomedical engineers employ common engineering methods to comprehend, modify, or control biological systems, and to design and manufacture devices that can assist in the diagnosis and therapy of human diseases. This Special Issue of Fluids aims to be a forum for scientists and engineers from academia and industry to present and discuss recent developments in the field of biomedical engineering. It contains papers that tackle, both numerically (Computational Fluid Dynamics studies) and experimentally, biomedical engineering problems, with a diverse range of studies focusing on the fundamental understanding of fluid flows in biological systems, modelling studies on complex rheological phenomena and molecular dynamics, design and improvement of lab-on-a-chip devices, modelling of processes inside the human body as well as drug delivery applications. Contributions have focused on problems associated with subjects that include hemodynamical flows, arterial wall shear stress, targeted drug delivery, FSI/CFD and Multiphysics simulations, molecular dynamics modelling and physiology-based biokinetic models.

alkannin --- cancer --- stability study --- drug delivery system --- hydrodynamics --- microfluidics --- pipette Petri dish single-cell trapping (PP-SCT) --- passive trapping --- single-cell trapping --- single cell analysis --- tilt trapping --- pressure drop --- CFD --- Casson fluid --- blood --- hematocrit --- small vessel --- microfluidics --- spreading --- gelation --- hydrogel --- hyaluronic --- viscoelastic --- viscous --- gravitational --- capillary --- biochemical processes --- biokinetics --- human biomonitoring --- bisphenol A --- exposure reconstruction --- risk assessment --- free-flowing film --- FFMR --- inclined ?-channel --- non-Newtonian --- shear thinning --- ?-PIV --- meniscus --- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm --- Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) --- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) --- haematocrit --- pulsatile flow --- non-Newtonian --- dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) --- doxorubicin --- hyperbranched polyester --- simulations --- n/a --- microfluidics --- blood flow --- viscoelastic --- falling film microreactor --- ?-PIV --- abdominal aortic aneurysm --- hematocrit --- computational fluid dynamics simulations --- fluid–structure interaction --- arterial wall shear stress --- drug delivery --- droplet spreading --- passive trapping --- cell capture --- lab-on-a-chip --- physiology-based biokinetics --- liposomes --- shikonin --- human bio-monitoring

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Acquiring knowledge is a life-long process; we constantly need to keep abreast of developments and progress in science and other disciplines. Embracing a scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) means practicing constant self-reflection, involving evaluation of the academic career and the ways in which strategies are designed to examine, interpret, and share learning about teaching. This practice not only yields benefits to the lecturer but also enriches the scholarly community in the discipline. In general, SoTL is regarded as a vibrant practice of ongoing self-criticism and sharing, which results in accumulated teaching experiences for teachers, students, and the teaching community at large. This book is a contribution from authors sharing their experiences, how their teaching portfolios reflect their personal development as teachers, and how their teaching experiences are embedded in the scholarship of teaching and learning.

sustainability --- Green Engineering --- curriculum development --- chemical education --- engineering education --- improving classroom teaching --- simulations --- teaching/learning strategies --- GIS --- learning tool --- open source software --- satellite data --- crystal system --- Bravais lattices --- spatial abilities --- didactic virtual resources --- didactic virtual tools --- design --- active methodology --- hidden curriculum --- engineering --- faculty --- professionalization --- mixed-methods --- critical theoretical frameworks --- anti-deficit approach --- engineering education research --- critical pedagogy --- inductive methods --- re-thinking the teaching --- viscometer --- systems engineering --- education --- role-play --- self-reflection --- reverse engineering --- active learning --- CDIO --- learning activity --- high school --- engineering curriculum --- STEM --- service-learning --- project-based learning --- underrepresented minorities --- outcomes --- ternary phase diagrams --- spatial visualization --- PDF-3D --- engineering education --- education --- engineering --- evaluation --- survey --- feedback --- moderation --- pass rate --- module