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This chapter presents the fate of the charge carriers from the moment of its photogeneration in the perovskite to injection and transport into electrodes. Time-resolved electrical measurement techniques, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and microwave (MW) conductivity, are primarily used to deconvolute ultrafast processes and to directly access behavior of charged species from the ps to µs timescales. Transient absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy were also utilized to gain insight on carrier population dynamics and radiatively recombining charges. Photogenerated charged species were converted into highly mobile charges (µe = 12.5 cm2V-1s-1 and µh = 7.5 cm2V-1s-1) almost instantaneously (< 0.2 ps), while the remaining loosely bounded excitons dissociate into mobile charges after 2-3 ps. This high mobility is maintained for at least 1 ns as obtained by THz spectroscopy, while its lifetime is at least few tens of µs as measured by the MW conductivity technique. Lowering the temperature increases carrier mobilities with T-1.6.Dependence and a 75 meV barrier energy is required for temperature-activated recombination. Finally, injection of hole from MAPbI3 to Spiro-OMeTAD was found to be ultrafast and the state and population of dark holes dictate its recombination.

thz spectroscopy --- time resolved electrical measurement --- photoconductivity --- mobility

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During the 17th and 18th century musicians' mobilities and migrations are essential for the European music history and the cultural exchange of music. Adopting viewpoints that reflect different methodological approaches and diversified research cultures, the book presents studies on central scopes, strategies and artistic outcomes of mobile and migratory musicians as well as on the transfer of music. By looking at elite and non-elite musicians and their everyday mobilities to major and minor centers of music production and practice, new biographical patterns and new stylistic paradigms in the European East, West and South emerge.

History --- Music --- Migration --- Mobility --- Baroque --- Cultural History --- Music History --- Early Modern History --- Musicology --- History

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Planning the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) is a new challenging task. This book treats all involved aspects: charging technologies and norms, interactions with the electricity system, electrical installation, demand for charging infrastructure, economics of public infrastructure provision, policies in Germany and the EU, external effects, stakeholder cooperation, spatial planning on the regional and street level, operation and maintenance, and long term spatial planning.

Ladeinfrastruktur, Ladepunkt, Infrastrukturplanung, Elektromobilität, Elektroauto charging infrastructure, charging point, infrastructure planning, electric mobility, electric vehicle

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During the past 10 years, two-dimensional materials have found incredible attention in the scientific community. The first two-dimensional material studied in detail was graphene, and many groups explored its potential for electronic applications. Meanwhile, researchers have extended their work to two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. At present, several hundred of these materials are known and part of them is considered to be useful for electronic applications. Rapid progress has been made in research concerning two-dimensional electronics, and a variety of transistors of different two-dimensional materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, e.g., MoS2 and WS2, and phosphorene, have been reported. Other areas where two-dimensional materials are considered promising are sensors, transparent electrodes, or displays, to name just a few. This Special Issue of Electronics is devoted to all aspects of two-dimensional materials for electronic applications, including material preparation and analysis, device fabrication and characterization, device physics, modeling and simulation, and circuits. The devices of interest include, but are not limited to transistors (both field-effect transistors and alternative transistor concepts), sensors, optoelectronics devices, MEMS and NEMS, and displays.

device physics, modeling, and simulation, digital logic, radio frequency, transistor, mobility, nanoribbons, two-dimensional material preparation, transition metal dichalcogenides, two-dimensional semiconductors, graphene

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Barely known in public is the life of long-distance commute workers who extract the „blue and black gold” for the export to Europe. They are travelling people who work and live rotationally for a few weeks at the extraction sites before they go back again to their families in the southern regions. This ethnography takes the reader from the Volga Region to the Arcitc “Russian Gas Capital” Novy Urengoy and provides critically insights into the Russian petroleum industry.

Crude oil, natural gas, Russia, Siberia, Arctic, long-distance commuting (LDC), fly-in/fly-out (FIFO), mobility, normality, multi-locality --- Erdöl, Erdgas, Russland, Sibirien, Arktis, Fernpendleln, Mobilität, Normalität, Multilokalität