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The third edition of this indispensable book in radio interferometry provides extensive updates to the second edition, including results and technical advances from the past decade; discussion of arrays that now span the full range of the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum observable from the ground, 10 MHz to 1 THz; an analysis of factors that affect array speed; and an expanded discussion of digital signal-processing techniques and of scintillation phenomena and the effects of atmospheric water vapor on image distortion, among many other topics.With its comprehensiveness and detailed exposition of all aspects of the theory and practice of radio interferometry and synthesis imaging, this book has established itself as a standard reference in the field. It begins with an overview of the basic principles of radio astronomy, a short history of the development of radio interferometry, and an elementary discussion of the operation of an interferometer. From this foundation, it delves into the underlying relationships of interferometry, sets forth the coordinate systems and parameters to describe synthesis imaging, and examines configurations of antennas for multielement synthesis arrays. Various aspects of the design and response of receiving systems are discussed, as well as the special requirements of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), image reconstruction, and recent developments in image enhancement techniques and astrometric observations. Also discussed are propagation effects in the media between the source and the observer, and radio interference, factors that limit performance. Related techniques are introduced, including intensity interferometry, optical interferometry, lunar occultations, tracking of satellites in Earth orbit, interferometry for remote Earth sensing, and holographic measurements of antenna surfaces. This book will benefit anyone who is interested in radio interferometry techniques for astronomy, astrometry, geodesy, or electrical engineering.

astronomy --- physics --- communications --- radio --- engineering

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Der Band enthält die Rechenschaftsberichte des Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics der ETH Zürich für das Jahr 2016. Zahlreiche Ergebnisse und der neuesteStand der Wissenschaft für Ionenphysik werden kurz vorgestellt. Diese Jahresberichte werden bei LIBRUM geführt, weil sie auch für die neuesten Erkenntnisseder 14C-Datierungsmethoden relevant sind und insofern auch für die Archäologie neue und wesentliche Erkenntnisse vermitteln.The Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics (LIP) is a leading research center for the development of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and a world-class laboratory for the application of Ion Beam Physics in a wide range of fields. It can rely on a broad funding base and can thus serve a large user community frommany highly current disciplines. LIP acts as a national competence center for ion beam applications. This annual report is a brief summary of the accomplishedachievements. It covers the wide range of fields from fundamental research, over operational issues of the laboratory, to the vast variety of excitingapplications of our measurement technologies. Naturally, the publications listed in the appendix of this report will provide a much deeper insight into our research.

physics, ion beam, ETH, C14, Radiocarbon

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Computer simulations are omnipresent media in today’s knowledge production. For scientific endeavors such as the detection of gravitational waves and the exploration of subatomic worlds, simulations are essential; however, the epistemic status of computer simulations is rather controversial as they are neither just theory nor just experiment. Therefore, computer simulations have challenged well-established insights and common scientific practices as well as our very understanding of knowledge. This volume contributes to the ongoing discussion on the epistemic position of computer simulations in a variety of physical disciplines, such as quantum optics, quantum mechanics, and computational physics. Originating from an interdisciplinary event, it shows that accounts of contemporary physics can constructively interfere with media theory, philosophy, and the history of science.

interferences --- quantum physics --- computer simulation --- STS --- science and technology studies --- computer --- media theory --- simulation --- events --- physics

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Optical methods of measurements are the most sensitive techniques of noncontact investigations, and at the same time, they are fast as well as accurate which increases reproducibility of observed results. In recent years, the importance of optical interferometry methods for research has dramatically increased, and applications range from precise surface testing to finding extrasolar planets. This book covers various aspects of optical interferometry including descriptions of novel apparatuses and methods, application interferometry for studying biological objects, surface qualities, materials characterization, and optical testing. The book includes a series of chapters in which experts share recent progress in interferometry through original research and literature reviews.

Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Optics and Lasers --- Optoelectronics

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The contents of the book cover topics on vortex dynamics in a variety of flow problems and describe observational measurements and their interpretation. The book contains 13 chapters that first include vortices in the earth and planetary sciences related to vortices in the Venus plasma wake and also on tropical cyclones and on rotating shallow water in the earth's atmosphere. Vortices in fluid problems include airplane wake vortices, vorticity evolution in free-shear flows, together with axisymmetric flows with swirl, as well as thermal conductivities in fluid layers. Vortices in relativistic fluids, in magnetic disks, solitons and vortices, and relaxation for point vortices were also examined. Other chapters describe conditions in a vortex bioreactor and in vortex yarn structures.

Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Fluid Mechanics --- Hydrostatics