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"Supply-chain preparedness means to design inter-organisational structures,
to organise supply-chain resources, and to plan and train to ensure efficient
response if this is called for. Acknowledging that supply chains are made up of
two or more organisations, and that interaction describes relations between two or
more actors, the purpose of this research is to explore whether the introduction of
the concept of interaction (samhandling) to supply-chain thinking adds to our understanding
of efficiency and the effectiveness of logistics preparedness.
We position our work along three dimensions: a profit – non-profit classification,
a descriptive – normative dichotomy, and a micro – macro continuum. Information
was retrieved both through semi-structured interviews and by studying secondary
sources. Interaction and preparedness is assessed through an empirical case: the
operation Atalanta. By applying interactional indicators, enablers and barriers to
relationship success can be studied at both micro, meso, and macro levels. Without
understanding the mechanisms leading to interactional competence, success (or
the lack thereof) in supply-chain preparedness is difficult to address properly. Thus,
managers need to assess the interactional constructs at all levels when planning and
training for preparedness."
Samhandling --- interaction --- preparedness --- supply chain management --- defence logistics --- collaboration
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Value chains of bio-based chemicals are very complex. Hence, a strategic decision support tool for bioeconomic site and logistics planning is developed. It includes an integrated model and three sub-models: optimization for the locations and capacities of pretreatment plants, technical for technical and economic evaluations, risk for the evaluation of uncertainties. As a result, the model suggests a nearly optimal location and the associated logistic network for the production of biochemicals.
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Ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor jeder Supply Chain ist das adäquate Design ihrer Leistungserstellungsprozesse. Da diese Prozesse regelmäßig durch einen hohen Grad an Komplexität gekennzeichnet sind, stellt deren Gestaltung eine große Herausforderung dar. In dieser Forschungsarbeit wird deshalb die Frage behandelt, wie komplexe Leitungserstellungsprozesse einer Supply Chain effektiv und effizient verbessert werden können. Dazu wird eine systematische Vorgehensweise für die Analyse und Bewertung von Supply Chain Prozessen vorgestellt und im Rahmen einer Fallstudie auf eine reale Logistikkette in der Elektronikindustrie angewandt. Bei der Prozessanalyse wird eine Reduktion der Komplexität durch eine Kombination von analytischen Methoden und Simulation erzielt, sodass nicht nur die Validität der Ergebnisse, sondern auch die praktische Umsetzbarkeit gewährleistet ist. Die Bewertung von alternativen Prozessdesigns erfolgt multikriteriell und strategiebasierend, damit sowohl Zielkonflikte als auch die verfolgte Strategie der Logistikkette Berücksichtigung finden. Generell spielt die Wahl des marktbezogenen Produktionstyps (z.B. Make-to-Order, Make-to-Stock) bei der Verbesserung von Supply Chain Prozessen eine entscheidende Rolle. Daher wird auf diesen Aspekt besonders eingegangen, wobei der hybride Produktionstyp Make-to-Forecast in einem Supply Chain-Kontext in der Fallstudie implementiert wird.
Analyse --- Auftragsentkopplungspunkts --- Bewertung --- Chain --- dynamischer --- Festlegung --- komplexer --- Prozessanalyse --- Prozessbewertung --- Prozesse --- Schodl --- Simulation --- Supply --- Supply Chain Management --- Systematische
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Diese Arbeit wurde mit dem Ernst-Zander-Preis 2005 der Ruhr-Universität Bochum ausgezeichnet.
Das Supply Chain Design als strategisches Supply Chain Management beinhaltet als wesentlichen Aspekt die Konfiguration der Supply Chain. Dabei sind die über eine Preisminimierung hinausgehenden Auswahlkriterien der Zulieferer sowie die aus dem langfristigen Planungshorizont der Fragestellung resultierende Unsicherheit geeignet zu berücksichtigen. In dieser Arbeit werden die vielfältigen betriebswirtschaftlichen Aspekte des Supply Chain Design umfassend diskutiert und ein Kriterienkatalog zur Auswahl von Zulieferern entwickelt. Die Unsicherheit wird mit Hilfe des neu entwickelten Konzeptes der Zielrobustheit abgebildet. Die Planungsentscheidungen im Rahmen des Supply Chain Design können durch das vorgestellte Vorgehen unterstützt und in ihren Konsequenzen quantifiziert werden.
Auswahl --- Chain --- Design --- differenzierter --- Freiwald --- Mehrfachzielsetzung --- Planung --- Quantitative Planung --- Robuste --- Robustheit --- Strategische Planung --- Supplier Relationship Management --- Supply --- Supply Chain Management --- Zulieferer --- Zulieferindustrie
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Vitamin E is the major lipid-soluble antioxidant in the cell antioxidant system and is exclusively obtained from the diet. In 1922, vitamin E was discovered as a dietary factor essential for reproduction in rats. Meanwhile, vitamin E has revealed many more important molecular properties, such as the scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with consequent prevention of the oxidative damage associated with many diseases. In addition, the modulation of signal transduction and gene expression in antioxidant and non-antioxidant manners was shown for vitamin E.This Special Issue highlights some of the recent advances in vitamin E research, showing on the one hand the status quo and providing, on the other hand, new insights into functions and physiological relevance. Thus, the current knowledge of tocochromanol biosynthesis in plants and future challenges regarding the understanding of its regulation are presented. Another paper describes the fate of vitamin E in the human gastrointestinal lumen during digestion. During the metabolism of vitamin E, the long-chain metabolites 13’-hydroxychromanol and 13’-carboxychromanol are formed by oxidative modification of the side-chain. Their occurrence in human serum indicates a physiological relevance. Another paper describes the membrane distribution of α-tocopherol in brain regions of adult rhesus monkeys, also looking for associations between membrane α-tocopherol and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
biosynthesis --- almond --- digestion --- long-chain metabolites --- female reproductive health --- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease --- radiation countermeasures --- brain
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This open access book applies for the first time emerging concepts of socioeconomics to analyse an economic sector, namely agriculture. It considers the rational choices of all actors in the system (just as agricultural economists do) and their cultural preferences and constraints (just as rural sociologists do). Socioeconomic concepts are subsequently used to structure agricultural issues with regard to the three governance mechanisms (hierarchy, markets, and cooperation), and different agricultural systems are presented and compared. The book will be of interest to social scientists with various backgrounds, and seeks to break down the barriers of single-disciplinary thinking.
Hierarchy --- Cooperation --- Agricultural systems --- Governance --- Primary sector --- Socioeconomics --- Agri-food chain --- Agricultural economics
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This open access book addresses the most recent developments in cloud computing such as HPC in the Cloud, heterogeneous cloud, self-organising and self-management, and discusses the business implications of cloud computing adoption. Establishing the need for a new architecture for cloud computing, it discusses a novel cloud management and delivery architecture based on the principles of self-organisation and self-management. This focus shifts the deployment and optimisation effort from the consumer to the software stack running on the cloud infrastructure. It also outlines validation challenges and introduces a novel generalised extensible simulation framework to illustrate the effectiveness, performance and scalability of self-organising and self-managing delivery models on hyperscale cloud infrastructures. It concludes with a number of potential use cases for self-organising, self-managing clouds and the impact on those businesses.
application --- blueprints --- self-management --- self-organisation --- resource management --- supply chain --- big data --- PaaS --- Saas --- HPCaaS
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Mitochondrial disease constitutes a complex and heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from a defect in mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) enzyme activity. In view of the dual regulation of the MRC, exercised by both the mitochondrial and nuclear genome, mutations in either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA can result in a MRC deficiency. Whilst a single organ can be affected, MRC disorders often result in a multi-organ system presentation with prominent neurological and myopathic features. The diagnosis of MRC disorders can be complex, and requires a coordinated interplay of a number of disciplines. However, biochemical determination of metabolites in blood, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and/or urine are generally considered to be first-line investigations for the diagnosis of these disorders, although they lack sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus on the overall utility of monitoring other biochemical parameters, which may be of diagnostic value. For example, although oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of mitochondrial disorders, few centers monitor this as part of their diagnostic repertoire. Therefore, the purpose of this Special Issue was to highlight potential biomarkers of mitochondrial disease and to discuss the appropriateness of biochemical markers to monitor disease progression and therapeutic intervention.
mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) --- mitochondrial disorders --- diagnosis --- biochemical parameters/markers --- oxidative stress --- biomarks
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Planungsansätze an einem Beispiel illustriert und bewertet. Das taktische Supply Chain Planning bestimmt auf Basis einer prognostizierten Nachfrage die jeweiligen Produktmengen übergreifend von den Lieferanten über die Produktionsstandorte und Distributionslager bis hin zu den Kunden mit einem Planungshorizont von etwa einem Jahr. Da bei derartigen Planungsproblemen oftmals zahlreiche Standorte und Transportverbindungen zwischen den Standorten sowie vielfältige Produktarten zu berücksichtigen sind, ist eine Planungsunterstützung unter Einsatz quantitativer Methoden geboten.
In dieser Arbeit werden unterschiedliche Ansätze zur Unterstützung des taktischen Supply Chain Planning diskutiert sowie ein stochastischer Ansatz zur Berücksichtigung einer mit Risiko behafteten Nachfrage entwickelt. Darüber hinaus werden die unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Planungsansätze an einem Beispiel illustriert und bewertet.
Chain --- deterministische --- durch --- Einkaufen --- Management --- Optimierungsmodelle --- Planning --- Planungsunterstützung --- stochastische --- Supply --- Taktisches --- Thorn --- Transport
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This book intends to be a complimentary reference for graduate and undergraduate courses of Business and Engineering. Readers not familiar with Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and supply chain management (SCM) may have a first glance, reading isolate chapters. Moreover, the sequential order from Chapters 1 to 8 may be more instructive. Readers with expertise on MCDM or SCM will find interesting applications or proposals. The book also presents a systematic literature review, which confirms the leadership of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA).
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