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Scientists are continuously improving the accelerator and light source technologies to observe the secret of matter as well as the origin of nature which create new opportunities for accelerator physics research. This book provides a glance view on phase space dynamics of electron beam, motion of relativistic electrons in three-dimensional ideal undulator magnetic field, numerical simulation of electron multi-beam linear accelerator EVT, nuclear safety design of high energy accelerator facilities, and radiation safety aspects of operation of electron linear accelerators. The determination of the structure of biomolecules is presently among the best examples of the application of synchrotron radiation. This book also covers synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction study of mammalian connective tissues and related disease. Furthermore, an overview of the versatile applications of ion beam and synchrotron radiation techniques in hair elemental profiling in biomedical studies is also incorporated in this book.
Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Applied Physics --- Accelerator Physics
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Ion beam of various energies is a standard research tool in many areas of science, from basic physics to diverse areas in space science and technology, device fabrications, materials science, environment science, and medical sciences. It is an advance and versatile tool to frequently discover applications across a broad range of disciplines and fields. Moreover, scientists are continuously improving the ion beam sources and accelerators to explore ion beam at the forefront of scientific endeavours. This book provides a glance view on MeV ion beam applications, focused ion beam generation and its applications as well as practical applications of ion implantation.
Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Nuclear Physics
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Optical amplifiers are indispensable in long-haul communication systems operating in a relatively broad range of electromagnetic spectra. Various forms of optical amplifiers and their advancements have been extensively discussed in the literature emphasizing the relative merits and demerits of different types of configurations and/or designs and also usefulness in specific applications. The book - Optical Amplifiers: A Few Different Dimensions - aims at reporting developments in these devices in the recent years. The contributed chapters in this book encompass both theoretical and experimental results covering various aspects in the relevant research directions. This somehow makes the volume useful to both experts and novice researchers. Finally, the expectation remains of the contents to be of some merit for the R&D scientists working in universities and research institutions.
Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Laser Physics
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Laser is one of the most applicable sources of energy and it can be used in a large variety of applications such as defense, industries and medicine. The special characteristics of this source of energy make it very interesting for different applications. This book includes an interesting and recent collection of relevant research on the development of high-powered laser systems. It includes topics such as using a variety of methods to generate laser pulses in the femtosecond and attosecond range with different wavelengths. This book includes 10 chapters. This book is a very relevant source for researchers as well as engineers working with high-powered laser systems around the world.
Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Laser Physics
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Plasmonics gives researchers in universities and industries and designers an overview of phenomena enabled by artificially designed metamaterials and their application for plasmonic devices. The purpose of this book is to provide a detailed introduction to the basic modeling approaches and an overview of enabled innovative phenomena. The main research agenda of this book is aimed at the study of modeling techniques and novel functionalities such as plasmonic enhancement of solar cell efficiency, plasmonics in sensing, etc. The topics addressed in this book cover the major strands: theory, modeling and design, applications in practical devices, fabrication, characterization, and measurement. It is worthwhile mentioning that the strategic objectives of developing new artificial functional materials require close cooperation of the research in each subarea.
Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Plasma Physics
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The benefits of ionizing radiations have been largely demonstrated through many achievements of human life. Understanding the fundamental elementary interactions of ionizing radiations with material has allowed the development of various applications needed by different industries. This book draws some facets of their applications, such as hardening process for semiconductor devices, biomedical imaging by radiation luminescent quantum dots, hydrogen gas detection by Raman lidar sensor for explosion risk assessment, water and wastewater purification by radiation treatment for environment, doping by the neutron transmutation doping for the semiconductor industry, and polymerization by irradiation, which is useful for industries requiring resistant and protective coating. I wish the chapters of this book can provide some helpful information on ionizing radiation applications.
Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- High Energy Physics
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This book allows the reader to understand the fundamentals of polarization phenomena in a general spin system, showing the polarizations to be indispensable information source of spin-dependent interactions. Particularly, the book describes polarization phenomena in nuclear scattering and reactions in detail, and explains how they provide information concerning spin-dependent interactions between the related particles. The concepts of polarization observables are explained, explicitly in the scattering of protons, deuterons and 7Li nuclei. In looking at deuteron and 7Li scattering, interactions induced by the virtual excitation of projectiles are examined in detail. Resonance reactions are investigated, focusing attention on the polarization of observables, which suggests that polarization phenomena can be used to determine the spin parity of the resonance. It is noted that in few-nucleon systems, the discrepancy between the values of polarization observables based on theoretical models and the corresponding values obtained through experimental data, is an important problem to be solved in the future. Solving this problem should provide new knowledge concerning the nuclear forces between nucleons.The author has chosen open-access publishing for this book to allow any interested person to study this branch of nuclear physics.
Polarization Phenomena --- Spin Physics --- Nuclear Structure
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Reasoned and based on the difference between discovery and invention, according to the traditional conception, science can be distinguished between basic science and applied science. Nevertheless, we know that the sciences are inseparable. A century or more ago, Louis Pasteur said ""there is no applied science, there are applications of science."" With this assertion, he establishes the logic of complementarity between them. Science certainly goes beyond its own material application and brings us to issues that have intrigued humanity for a long time. During the many years that we have been working with techniques of material characterization, we observed that this complementarity was not always understood by the researchers. In line with the reasoning that the technique joined with science generates technology, the application of techniques that use x-ray and neutron sources seems to us of fundamental importance for the development of technology. In this way, we present in this book how the existing technology of material characterization can contribute to science and applied technology. The authors who contributed with this book sought to show the importance of applying the existing techniques in the development of their works.
Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Optics and Lasers --- Optical Physics
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The field of low-dimensional structures has been experiencing rapid development in both theoretical and experimental research. Phonons in Low Dimensional Structures is a collection of chapters related to the properties of solid-state structures dependent on lattice vibrations. The book is divided into two parts. In the first part, research topics such as interface phonons and polaron states, carrier-phonon non-equilibrium dynamics, directional projection of elastic waves in parallel array of N elastically coupled waveguides, collective dynamics for longitudinal and transverse phonon modes, and elastic properties for bulk metallic glasses are related to semiconductor devices and metallic glasses devices. The second part of the book contains, among others, topics related to superconductor, phononic crystal carbon nanotube devices such as phonon dispersion calculations using density functional theory for a range of superconducting materials, phononic crystal-based MEMS resonators, absorption of acoustic phonons in the hyper-sound regime in fluorine-modified carbon nanotubes and single-walled nanotubes, phonon transport in carbon nanotubes, quantization of phonon thermal conductance, and phonon Anderson localization.
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This Open Access handbook published at the IAMG's 50th anniversary, presents a compilation of invited path-breaking research contributions by award-winning geoscientists who have been instrumental in shaping the IAMG. It contains 45 chapters that are categorized broadly into five parts (i) theory, (ii) general applications, (iii) exploration and resource estimation, (iv) reviews, and (v) reminiscences covering related topics like mathematical geosciences, mathematical morphology, geostatistics, fractals and multifractals, spatial statistics, multipoint geostatistics, compositional data analysis, informatics, geocomputation, numerical methods, and chaos theory in the geosciences.
Earth sciences --- Geology—Statistical methods --- Mathematical physics --- Statistics --- Statistics --- Statistical physics
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