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Exploring indigenous life projects in encounters with extractivism, the present open access volume discusses how current turbulences actualise questions of indigeneity, difference and ontological dynamics in the Andes and Amazonia. While studies of extractivism in South America often focus on wider national and international politics, this contribution instead provides ethnographic explorations of indigenous politics, perspectives and worlds, revealing loss and suffering as well as creative strategies to mediate the extralocal. Seeking to avoid conceptual imperialism or the imposition of exogenous categories, the chapters are grounded in the respective authors’ long-standing field research. The authors examine the reactions (from resistance to accommodation), consequences (from anticipation to rubble) and materials (from fossil fuel to water) diversely related to extractivism in rural and urban settings. How can Amerindian strategies to preserve localised communities in extractivist contexts contribute to ways of thinking otherwise?

Social sciences --- Ethnography --- Social structure --- Social inequality --- Ethnology—Latin America --- Natural resources --- Environmental policy --- Ontology

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This open access book focuses on trends in educational inequality using twenty years of grade 8 student data collected from 13 education systems by the IEA’s Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) between 1995 and 2015. While the overall positive association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and student achievement is well documented in the literature, the magnitude of this relationship is contingent on social contexts and is expected to vary by education system. Research on how such associations differ across societies and how the strength of these relationships has changed over time is limited. This study, therefore, addresses an important research and policy question by examining changes in the inequality of educational outcomes due to SES over this 20-year period, and also examines the extent to which the performance of students from disadvantaged backgrounds has improved over time in each education system. Education systems generally aim to narrow the achievement gap between low- and high-SES students and to improve the performance of disadvantaged students. However, the lack of quantifiable and comprehensible measures makes it difficult to assess and monitor the effect of such efforts. In this study, a novel measure of SES that is consistent across all TIMSS cycles allows students to be categorized into different socioeconomic groups. This measure of SES may also contribute to future research using TIMSS trend data. Readers will gain new insight into how educational inequality has changed in the education systems studied and how such change may relate to the more complex picture of macroeconomic changes in those societies.

Education --- International education  --- Comparative education --- Educational sociology  --- Education and sociology --- Statistics  --- Assessment --- Social structure --- Social inequality

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In contemporary societies we see a state of social inequality as in the old regime: the accumulation of wealth in 1% of the population, multimillionaires as presidents, the increase in luxury consumption, the emergence of a culture of distinction, as well as the concentration of the earth and the spatial segregation. To understand these phenomena in a coherent interpretative framework, this essay proposes the hypothesis that in the early 21st century we are experiencing a new combination of refeudalization at the global level, but with specific regional features. In Latin America, this concept is particularly useful for understanding the return of the right to power after a period of leftist governments.

Social Inequality --- Politics --- Globalization --- Political Science --- Latin America --- Desigualdad Social --- Globalización --- América Latina --- Política --- Bielefeld University Press --- Soziale Ungleichheit --- Politik --- Globalisierung --- Politikwissenschaft --- Lateinamerika

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How do young women experience violence in their first own relationships? What role do experiences of violence play in the family of origin and how do they shape one's own relationship conceptions? In the European context, the research discourse on violence in adolescent relationships is scarcely developed. Above all, however, the subject perspective is missing: the experiences that young and young women make in their first love relationships. Eva Maria Lohner makes clear the societal relevance of this perspective and shows that significant background points for socio-educational support and accompaniment can be deduced against her background.

Violence --- Young Women --- Teenager --- Love Affair --- Violence Experience --- Social Inequality --- Gender --- Social Work --- Social Pedagogy --- Youth --- Pedagogy --- Gewalt --- Junge Frauen --- Teenager --- Liebesbeziehung --- Paarbeziehung --- Gewalterfahrung --- Soziale Ungleichheit --- Geschlecht --- Sozialarbeit --- Sozialpädagogik --- Jugend --- Pädagogik

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Depression --- Migration und Gesundheit --- Krankheit --- Biographie --- Biographieforschung --- Lateinamerikanische Migrantinnen --- Psychologie --- Psychische Krankheit --- Gender --- Rassismus --- Soziale Ungleichheit --- Basel --- Bern --- Zürich --- Erwerbsarbeit --- Familie --- Armut --- Medizin --- Medizinsoziologie --- Kulturanthropologie --- Gender Studies --- Soziologie --- Gesundheit --- Migration --- Illness --- Biography --- Biographical Research --- Psychology --- Mental Illness --- Racism --- Social Inequality --- Zurich --- Gainful Employment --- Family --- Poverty --- Medicine --- Sociology of Medicine --- Cultural Anthropology --- Sociology --- Health