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Future Drinking Water Infrastructure is an Open Access co-publication with KWR.

 Industry & water ---  Water supply & treatment

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Approximately 40% of lung cancer patients will develop central nervous system (CNS) metastases during the course of their disease. Most of these are brain metastases, but up to 10% will develop leptomeningeal metastases. Known risk factors for CNS metastases development are small cell lung cancer (SCLC), adenocarcinoma histology, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged lung cancer, advanced nodal status, tumor stage and younger age. CNS metastases can have a negative impact on quality of life (QoL) and overall survival (OS). The proportion of lung cancer patients diagnosed with CNS metastases has increased over the years due to increased use of brain imaging as part of initial cancer staging, advances in imaging techniques and better systemic disease control. Post contrast gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (gd-MRI) is preferred, however when this is contra-indicated a contrast enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) is mentioned as an alternative option. When CNS metastases are diagnosed, local treatment options consist of radiotherapy (stereotactic or whole brain) and surgery. Local treatment can be complicated by symptomatic radiation necrosis for which no high level evidence based treatment exists. Moreover, differential diagnosis with metastasis progression is difficult. Systemic treatment options have expanded over the last years. Until recently, chemotherapy was the only treatment option with a poor penetration in the CNS. Angiogenesis inhibitors are promising in the treatment of primary CNS tumors as well as radiation necrosis but clinical trials of anti-angiogenic agents in NSCLC have largely excluded patients with CNS metastases. Furthermore, research has also focused on methods to prevent development of CNS disease, for example with prophylactic cranial irradiation. Recently, checkpoint inhibitors have become available for NSCLC patients, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved prognosis significantly in those with a druggable driver mutation. Newer TKIs are often designed to have better CNS penetration compared to first-generation TKIs. Despite advances in treatment options CNS metastases remain a problem in lung cancer and cause morbidity and mortality.This Research Topic provides an extensive resource of articles describing advances in CNS metastases management in lung cancer patients, from prevention to diagnosis and treatment.

lung cancer --- brain metastases --- leptomeningeal metastases --- driver mutations --- treatment --- cranial radiation --- diagnosis --- prediction --- treatment

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This Special Issue on Antimicrobial Resistance in Environmental Waters features 11 articles on the monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in natural aquatic systems (i.e., reservoirs, rivers), and effluent discharge from water treatment plants to assess the effectiveness of AMR removal and resulting loads in treated waters. Some of the key elements of AMR studies presented in this Special Issue highlight the underlying drivers of AMR contamination in the environment and the evaluation of the hazard imposed on aquatic organisms in receiving environments through ecological risk assessments. As described in this Issue, screening antimicrobial peptide (AMP) libraries for biofilm disruption and antimicrobial candidates are promising avenues for the development of new treatment options to eradicate resistance.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Psl --- exopolysaccharide --- antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- biofilm --- EPS --- antibiotic resistance genes --- wastewater treatment --- tertiary media filtration --- antibiotics --- river-reservoir system --- water --- sediment --- risk assessment --- antibiotics --- Qingcaosha reservoir --- risk assessment --- bacterial community --- co-occurrence pattern --- antibiotics --- estuary reservoir --- surface water --- antibiotic resistance gene --- sand settling reservoirs --- drinking water treatment plants --- the Yellow River --- Acinetobacter junii --- wastewater treatment plant --- antibiotic resistance --- metal resistance genes --- persistence --- antibiotic resistance --- ESBL --- Escherichia coli --- irrigation water --- gastrointestinal infections --- antibiotic resistance --- chlorination --- Escherichia coli --- fecal indicator bacteria --- reuse water --- UV-disinfection --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- antibiotic-resistant strains --- aquatic environment --- ERIC-PCR --- metagenomics --- antibiotic resistance --- wastewater --- environmental ecology --- Antimicrobial Resistance --- Environmental Waters --- water treatment plants --- water reuse --- ecological risk assessment

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The need to reduce the ecological footprint of water/land/air vehicles in this era of climate change requires pushing the limits regarding the development of lightweight structures and materials. This requires a thorough understanding of their thermomechanical behavior at several stages of the production chain. Moreover, during service, the response of lightweight alloys under the simultaneous influence of mechanical loads and temperature can determine the lifetime and performance of a multitude of structural components. The present Special Issue, comprising eight original research articles, is dedicated to disseminating current efforts around the globe aimed at advancing understanding of the thermomechanical behavior of structural lightweight alloys under processing or service conditions.

magnesium alloys --- alloying --- second phases --- dynamic recrystallization --- mechanical properties --- aluminum nanocomposites --- aluminum welding --- TIG fillers --- electrical conductivity --- wire fabrication --- aluminium alloy --- 7003 alloy --- corrosion resistance --- thermomechanical treatment --- TEM --- X-ray diffraction --- magnesium alloys --- ECAP --- powder metallurgy --- mechanical properties --- LPSO-phase --- magnesium alloys --- zinc addition --- neodymium --- Mg-Nd-Zn alloys --- deformation behaviour --- in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction --- Cast Al-Si alloys --- 3D characterization --- synchrotron tomography --- in-situ tensile deformation --- 3D microstructure --- damage --- strength --- connectivity --- thermomechanical treatment --- aluminium alloy --- recovery --- recrystallisation --- dislocations --- materials modelling --- AlMgSi alloy --- EN AW-6082 --- welding --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- DSC --- thermo-mechanical analysis --- digital image correlation --- tensile test --- numerical simulation --- n/a

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The focus on dopamine-sensitive motor symptoms, in association with the improvement of motor complications in the heterogeneous disease entity Parkinson's disease, has led to a certain standstill in research. This Special Issue provides new concepts and new ideas on the pathogenesis, genetics, and clinical maintenance of Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Not only new experimental findings, but also clinical outcomes, case series, and research on alternative, non-pharmacological therapies are included. The objective is to bridge the currently increasing gap between experimental and clinical research on Parkinson's disease and related disorders.

epigenetics --- Parkinson’s disease --- brain --- DNA methylation --- Parkinson’s disease --- fatty acid ?-oxidation --- long-chain acylcarnitine --- Parkinson’s disease --- fatty acyls --- glycerolipids --- glycerophospholipids --- sphingolipids --- sterol lipids --- lipoproteins --- ?-synuclein-mediated pathology --- disease-modifying effects --- neuroprotection --- autophagy --- cysteinyl-dopamine --- hypochlorite --- oxidative stress --- Parkinson’s disease --- redox cycling --- Parkinson’s disease --- brain iron --- motor dysfunction --- neurometabolites --- magnetic resonance imaging --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- GABA --- spectroscopy --- Parkinson’s disease --- neuroinflammation --- alpha-Synuclein --- immunotherapy --- mesenchymal stem cells --- secretome --- exosomes --- Parkinson’s disease --- microRNAs --- Parkinson disease --- multiprofessional therapy --- inpatient treatment --- multimodal complex treatment --- caffeic acid --- chlorogenic acid --- rotenone --- Parkinson’s disease --- neuroprotection --- dopaminergic neuron --- myenteric plexus --- enteric glial cell --- metallothionein --- Parkinson’s disease --- microbiota --- molecular mimicry --- microbiome --- alpha-synuclein --- curli --- gut-brain axis --- neurodegeneration --- glucocerebrosidase --- Parkinson’s disease --- Gaucher’s disease --- Lewy Body Dementia --- REM sleep behavior disorders --- [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT --- DAT --- nigral cells --- Parkinson’s disease --- parkinsonisms --- cell line --- differentiation --- HOG --- immature oligodendrocyte --- Krabbe’s disease --- oligodendrocyte --- mature oligodendrocyte --- MO3.13 --- myelin --- multiple sclerosis --- schizophrenia --- SH-SY5Y