Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are gene-encoded, ancient (and important) mediators of innate host defense that exert direct or indirect antimicrobial action as well as possessing other important biologic activities (e.g., neutralization of endotoxin and anti-biofilm action) that help to protect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants from invading pathogens. While the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant pathogens (and the desperate need to develop new anti-infectives) has been a recent force driving the field, interest in AMPs has an earlier origin in studies of how phagocytes kill bacteria by oxygen-independent processes. AMPs responsible for such killing of microbes by rabbit and human neutrophils were later purified by Ganz, Selsted and Lehrer, which they termed defensins; at the time of this writing, literally thousands of defensin-based publications can be found in the scientific literature! The initial reports on defensins and the earlier report by Boman’s group on the purification and action of an insect AMP represented a historical and defining point for the AMP field as they, in hindsight, demanded the recognition of AMP research as a unique discipline that has important linkages to other important fields of medicine, especially those of microbiology, infectious diseases and immunology. On a personal note, I remember conferences on phagocytes and host defense in the early 1980s where the topic of AMPs was relegated to one short session in a five day period! Now, we have hundreds of international “AMPologists” with expertise in chemistry, biochemistry, molecular and structural biology, cell biology, microbiology, pharmacology, or medicine who have built their research careers around AMPs and can now attend international conferences dedicated to advances in AMP research.

antimicrobial peptides --- evolution --- molecular biology --- regulation --- synthesis --- structure-function --- host defense --- bacterial diseases --- immune-modulation --- inflammation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue examines state-of-the-art in-cell NMR spectroscopy as it relates to biological systems of increasing complexity. The compendia of research and recent innovations from prominent laboratories in the field of solid state and solution in-cell NMR spectroscopy, metabolomics and technology development are presented. The work establishes in-cell NMR spectroscopy as the premier method for determining the structures and interaction capabilities of biological molecules at high resolution within the delicately intricate interior of living cells, and the means of utilizing cells as living laboratories to directly assess the effects of exogenous and endogenous stimuli on cell physiology.]

whole cell NMR --- magic-angle spinning --- 2D INADEQUATE --- crystalline and amorphous starch --- in-cell NMR --- Tau --- MARK2 phosphorylation --- mammalian cells --- in-cell NMR --- protein structure --- protein dynamics --- drug discovery --- target engagement --- protein modification --- antimicrobial peptide --- live cell --- solid-state NMR --- DNA --- lipid membrane --- protein NMR --- in-cell NMR --- in-situ NMR --- DNP --- review --- in-cell NMR --- time-resolved NMR --- post-translational modifications --- structure function --- intrinsically disordered proteins --- Ribosome --- mRNA --- rRNA --- Thioredoxin --- Adenylate kinase --- Thymidylate synthase --- Dihydrofolate reductase --- cross-correlated relaxation --- protein interactions --- protein structure-function --- enzyme activity --- enzyme kinetics --- NMR spectroscopy --- protein structure determination 1 --- non-uniform sampling 2 --- spectrum reconstruction 3 --- structural calculation 4 --- paramagnetic effects

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

With increasing power levels and power densities in electronics systems, thermal issues are becoming more and more critical. The elevated temperatures result in changing electrical system parameters, changing the operation of devices, and sometimes even the destruction of devices. To prevent this, the thermal behavior has to be considered in the design phase. This can be done with thermal end electro-thermal design and simulation tools. This Special Issue of Energies, edited by two well-known experts of the field, Prof. Marta Rencz, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and by Prof. Lorenzo Codecasa, Politecnico di Milano, collects twelve papers carefully selected for the representation of the latest results in thermal and electro-thermal system simulation. These contributions present a good survey of the latest results in one of the most topical areas in the field of electronics: The thermal and electro-thermal simulation of electronic components and systems. Several papers of this issue are extended versions of papers presented at the THERMINIC 2018 Workshop, held in Stockholm in the fall of 2018. The papers presented here deal with modeling and simulation of state-of-the-art applications that are highly critical from the thermal point of view, and around which there is great research activity in both industry and academia. Contributions covered the thermal simulation of electronic packages, electro-thermal advanced modeling in power electronics, multi-physics modeling and simulation of LEDs, and the characterization of interface materials, among other subjects.

thermal conductivity --- niobium pentoxide --- structure function --- time domain thermoreflectance --- thin film --- electronic packages --- JEDEC metrics --- model-order reduction --- thermal simulation --- LED --- compact thermal model --- boundary condition independent --- LED compact thermal models --- heating and optical power --- Cauer RC ladder --- dynamic thermal compact model --- LED --- silicone dome --- phosphor light conversion --- structure function --- thermal transient analysis --- thermal characterization --- multiple heat source --- secondary heat path --- power semiconductor devices --- IGBT --- modelling --- transient analysis --- SPICE --- switching --- thermal phenomena --- light emitting diodes --- power LEDs --- multi-domain modelling --- LED luminaire design --- DC–DC converters --- ferromagnetic cores --- modeling --- power losses --- thermal management --- carbon nanotubes --- thermal interface material --- reliability --- thermal aging --- LED digital twin --- design flow --- multi-domain compact model --- tool agnostic --- multi-LED --- thermal transient testing --- non-destructive testing --- thermal testability --- in-situ characterization --- electric aircraft --- motor cooling --- thermal management