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Open development is the public, networked sharing of communication and information resources towards a process of positive social transformation. Open development likewise imposes a challenge, because new actors, practices and problems of inequality are introduced. Accountability at its core is meant to redress issues of power and inequality, thus offering potential to improve open development processes and initiatives. However, the distinct and innovative characteristics of open processes render some concepts of accountability inadequate. This paper compares three purposes and perspectives on accountability for their relevance to open development. The purpose of which is to suggest future areas of research and theoretical development in this field.

open development --- accountability --- ICT4D

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This book explores a central contradiction of 21st century economy and society: the more morally and politically unaccountable capitalism and capitalists are, the more accountable the mass majority of its subjects must become. The technocratic ideology and surveillance culture of our modern marketized societies hides a deeper reality of a free market that is unmanageable and a corporate elite whose actions cannot be traced let alone regulated. This work highlights the paradoxical way an often disjointed and unjustifiable modern neoliberalism persists through subjecting individuals and communities to a wide range of technical and ethical 'accounting' in all areas of contemporary life. These pervasive practices of monitoring and codifying everything and everyone mask how at its heart this system and its elites remain socially uncontrollable and ethically out of control.

Economics --- Economics --- Sociology --- Accounting --- Big Data --- Capitalism --- Accountability --- Surveillance --- Monitoring

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"Public-private partnerships have become an important tool for delivering essential public goods, but critics fear that they erode public accountability. Making partnerships more accountable requires a clear understanding of what accountability means for partnerships and which mechanisms can be used to strengthen it.Accountability in Public Policy Partnerships develops a new model of accountability based on principal-agent theory. This model provides a firm normative foundation for accountability demands. At the same time, it shows which accountability standards apply to which kinds of partnerships. Norm-setting partnerships, for example, require strong mechanisms for participation, whereas implementation partnerships must focus on performance evaluation, competitive bidding and beneficiary feedback processes. The accountability model and standards developed in this book provide a guide for partnership practitioners who are developing the governance structures of their partnerships; they serve as benchmarks for evaluating partnerships; and they provide new inputs for the ongoing accountability debates in the public, the corporate and the civil society sectors. "

Principal-agent theory --- Accountability --- Public policy --- Principal-agent theorie --- Verantwoording --- Publieke zaken

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On assiste actuellement à la multiplication des données numériques provenant de diverses sources : les administrations mettent en ligne leurs données de fonctionnement dans le cadre de démarches open data, les entreprises ouvrent certaines de leurs données non stratégiques, le monde scientifique utilise des données hétérogènes et de grande taille, et les internautes produisent des données à travers leurs activités quotidiennes sur le web. Loin d’être simplement mises en ligne, ces données sont « mises à disposition » des utilisateurs en vue de créer de nouveaux services et d’améliorer la connaissance des pratiques sociales. Comme le montre les discours d’accompagnement produits par les différents acteurs, les espoirs placés dans les données numériques sont nombreux et les transformations annoncées sont bien souvent présentées comme inéluctable et par défaut source de progrès. Loin de considérer cet « impératif d’ouverture » comme immuable, l’ambition du présent ouvrage est d’interroger de manière critique les multiples processus sociotechniques au sein desquels les données s’insèrent, de leur production à leur usage. Cette démarche propose d’ouvrir des pistes de réflexions pour mieux appréhender les évolutions de notre environnement numérique.

big data --- data sharing --- information infrastructure --- empowement --- epistemology --- open data --- political accountability --- science --- social science

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What is digital business reporting? Why do we need it? And how can we improve it? This book aims to address these questions by illustrating the rise of system-to-system information exchange and the opportunities for improving transparency and accountability. Governments around the world are looking for ways to strengthen transparency and accountability without introducing more red tape, which is a source of growing frustration and costs for businesses. In 2004, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Justice in the Netherlands started to investigate the potential of XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) as a uniform data standard for business-to-government information exchange. In 2006, there was a comprehensive architecture for Standard Business Reporting (SBR), including the requirements for the information infrastructure. One year later the first reports in XBRL were successfully delivered to the Tax and Customs Administration and the Chamber of Commerce via a secure infrastructure. Today, millions of business reports are being exchanged using SBR. As a solution, SBR empowers organisations to present a cohesive explanation of their business operations and helps them engage with internal and external stakeholders, including regulators, shareholders and creditors.Challenging the chain describes the journey of SBR from challenge to solution. Specialists in the field – flanked by academics – provide detailed insights on the challenges actors faced and the solutions they achieved. In its versatility, this book exemplifies the necessary paradigm shifts when it comes to such large-scale public-private transformations. Policy makers, managers, IT specialists and architects looking to engage in such transformations will find guidance in this book.

transparency --- digital business reporting --- information exchange --- accountability --- XBRL --- eXtensible Business Reporting Language --- Standard Business Reporting --- SBR --- information chain