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Citizen science, the active participation of the public in scientific research projects, is a rapidly expanding field in open science and open innovation. It provides an integrated model of public knowledge production and engagement with science. As a growing worldwide phenomenon, it is invigorated by evolving new technologies that connect people easily and effectively with the scientific community. Catalysed by citizens’ wishes to be actively involved in scientific processes, as a result of recent societal trends, it also offers contributions to the rise in tertiary education. In addition, citizen science provides a valuable tool for citizens to play a more active role in sustainable development. This book identifies and explains the role of citizen science within innovation in science and society, and as a vibrant and productive science-policy interface. The scope of this volume is global, geared towards identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, practice and policy. The chapters consider the role of citizen science in the context of the wider agenda of open science and open innovation, and discuss progress towards responsible research and innovation, two of the most critical aspects of science today.
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"Transparency and citizen engagement remain essential to good government and sound public policy. Indeed, they may well be the key to restoring trust in government itself, currently at an all-time low in Australia. It is ironic, then, that this has occurred at a time when the technological potential for information dissemination and interaction has never been greater. Opening Government: Transparency and Engagement in the Information Age explores new horizons and scenarios for better governance in the context of the new information age, focusing on the potentials and pitfalls for governments (and governance more broadly) operating in the new, information-rich environment. Its contributors, a range of international and Australian governance academics and practitioners, ask what are the challenges to our governing traditions and practices in the new information age, and where can better outcomes be expected using future technologies. They explore the fundamental ambiguities extant in opening up government, with governments intending to become far more transparent in providing information and in information sharing, but also more motivated to engage with other data sources, data systems and social technologies."
australia --- public policy --- transparency --- digital technology
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Based on analyses by agricultural and legal experts, this work offers food for thought on using the law to include the notion of ecosystem service in soil protection. It has been written as part of the research programme “Soil cultivation, ecosystem services and compensation. Agricultural and legal aspects†within the Institute of legal studies on town planning, construction and environment.
environment --- biodiversity --- agriculture --- public policy --- soil
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This open access book offers a critical perspective on intra-European mobility and migration by using new empirical data and theoretical discussions. It develops a theoretical and empirical analysis of the consequences of intra-European movement for sending and receiving urban regions in The Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Turkey, Poland and Czech Republic. The book conceptualizes Central and Eastern European (CEE) migration by distinguishing between different types of CEE migrants and consequences. This involves a mapping of migration corridors within Europe, a unique empirical analysis of consequences for urban regions, and an analysis of governance responses. Next to the European and country perspectives on this phenomenon, the book focuses on the local perspective of urban regions where most mobile citizens settle (either permanently or temporarily). This way the book puts the analysis of intra-European movement in the perspective of broader theoretical debates in migration studies and beyond.
Social sciences --- Emigration and immigration --- Public policy --- Public finance
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Set up during the food crisis in the aftermath of the Second World War, France's National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) was founded on the notion that public scientific research into the management of life in all its multifarious forms would be of major importance for rebuilding France's position in the world. This book, based on original documentation and testimonies of the main protagonists, explores the 70 years of the institute's life, focusing on the interactions between science and politics.
agriculture --- economics --- history --- research --- rural development --- food security --- farmer --- public policy --- biotechnology --- economic development
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Economists have long sought to maximise economic growth, believing this to be their best contribution to improving human welfare. That approach is not sustainable in the face of ongoing issues such as global climate change, environmental damage, rising inequality and enduring poverty. Alternatives must be found. This open access book addresses that challenge. It sets out a wellbeing economics framework that directly addresses fundamental issues affecting wellbeing outcomes. Drawing inspiration from the capabilities approach of Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen, the book demonstrates how persons can enhance prosperity through their own actions and through collaboration with others. The book examines national public policy, but its analysis also focuses on choices made by individuals, households, families, civil society, local government and the global community. It therefore offers important insights for anyone concerned with improving personal wellbeing and community prosperity.
Economics --- Management science --- Welfare economics --- Public policy --- Political science --- Economic policy --- Economic growth
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The challenge for agricultural systems today is to produce whilst drastically reducing greenhouse gas emissions, in limited agricultural spaces where the biodiversity, quality of resources, soils, water, air, etc. all have to be protected. This collective work, published to mark the twentieth anniversary of the creation of the Inra Environment and Agronomy Department, takes stock of progress made in this area.
Agriculture --- agronomy --- biodiversity --- water --- pure water --- environment --- expertise --- history --- public policy --- quality --- research --- Food Safety --- ground --- culture system --- toxicology
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This open access book utilizes new data to thoroughly analyze the main factors currently shaping the African housing market. Some of these factors include the supply and demand for housing finance, land tenure security issues, construction cost conundrum, infrastructure provision, and low-cost housing alternatives. Through detailed analysis, the authors investigate the political economy surrounding the continent’s housing market and the constraints that behind-the-scenes policy makers need to address in their attempts to provide affordable housing for the majority in need. With Africa’s urban population growing rapidly, this study highlights how broad demographic shifts and rapid urbanization are placing enormous pressure on the limited infrastructure in many cities and stretching the economic and social fabric of municipalities to their breaking point. But beyond providing a snapshot of the present conditions of the African housing market, the book offers recommendations and actionable measures for policy makers and other stakeholders on how best to provide affordable housing and alleviate Africa’s housing deficit. This work will be of particular interest to practitioners, non-governmental organizations, private sector actors, students and researchers of economic policy, international development, and urban development.
Housing finance --- Slum upgrading --- Africa --- Construction --- Political economy --- Land tenure --- Housing development --- Urban planning --- Real estate --- Public policy --- Property rights --- Economics
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This compact open access reference delves beyond popular concepts of educated consumers and an informed public by examining the science behind deliberative engagement. Using data from four longitudinal studies, the authors assess public engagement methods in deliberative discussions of ethical, legal, and social issues concerning innovations in nanotechnology. Coverage includes the theoretical origins of the studies, forms of engagement and variations used, and in-depth details on cognitive, affective, and social components that go into the critical thinking process and forming of opinions. Not only are the findings intriguing in and of themselves, but researchers from varied fields will also find them useful in pursuing their own projects.Featured in the coverage:Experimental methods and measures used in relation to specific outcomes.Forms of deliberative engagement affecting objective and subjective knowledge.Effects of engagement variables on attitude formation, change, and polarization.Tracing the processes leading to policy acceptance and support.Study conclusions and evaluation.Plus supplemental materials giving readers access to full study data.Since public engagement methods are widely regarded as valuable for policy input, planning purposes, and understanding societal processes, Deliberative Engagement with Science stands to have a wide audience among psychologists, researchers, academics, and policymakers, as well as professionals in the corporate sphere and the tech industries.
experimental manipulations of deliberative engagement --- nanotechnology public policy issues --- education-oriented communications --- experimental social science --- science, technology and society --- innovation policy --- cognitive-affective engagement --- polarization of public attitudes
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