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This anthology, inspired by Voltaire’s advice that a text needed to be concise to have real influence, contains firey extracts from forty different authors, from the philosophers everyone’s heard of to those whose brilliant writings are less well-known. They are immensely diverse in style and topic, but all have in common their passionate commitment to equality, freedom, and tolerance, and every single one resonates powerfully with the issues our world faces today. The book was first published by the Société française d’étude du dix-huitième siècle (the French Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies) in the wake of the Charlie Hebdo assassinations in January 2015 as a mark of solidarity, and as a response to the wide-spread interest in Enlightenment values. With the support of the British Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, it has now been translated by 102 French students and tutors from Oxford University.

anthology --- enlightenment --- tolerance --- freedom --- philosophers --- equality

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This book argues that the Burmese military regime has always favoured an isolationist-type policy that finds its grassroots in Ne Win’s autarchic and xenophobic era as well as in Burma’s royal traditions, but without being completely cut off from the outside world. This policy approach is well suited to the Burmese authoritarian state which boasts an important strategic position in the region. In the past decade, the politics of “isolationism without isolation” has been skilfully developed by Burma’s military elite in order to preserve itself from both internal and external threats. Since the Depayin crackdown in May 2003, every step the Burmese junta has taken indicates that it has been consciously defining both its foreign policy and its internal political agenda according to these isolationist tendencies, as the recent fallbacks that followed the “Saffron Revolution” (September 2007) and the Cyclone Nargis (May 2008) illustrate. Not only does the military regime tend to strategically withdraw itself from the regional scene, by choosing only a few but crucial diplomatic and commercial partners like China, India, Singapore, Russia or Thailand, but it also gradually isolates itself from the rest of the Burmese society, by opting for a strategic and nationalist entrenchment which was perfectly highlighted by the purge of the pragmatic Military Intelligence Services (2004), the transfer of the capital to Naypyidaw (2005) and the strict control over the transitional process initiated by its own “Road Map towards a disciplined democracy” and undisrupted by the recent crises.

democracy --- freedom --- Civil Society --- army --- junta --- autarchy

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"Freedom of the printed word is a defining feature of the modern world. Yet censorship and the suppression of literature never cease, and remain topical issues even in the most liberal of democracies. Today just as in the past, advances in media technology are followed by new regulatory mechanisms. Similarly, any attempt to control cultural expression inevitably spurs fresh discussions about freedom of speech. In Forbidden Literature scholars from a variety of disciplines address censorship’s past and present, whether in liberal democracies or totalitarian regimes. Through in-depth case studies they trace a historical continuum in which literature reveals its two-sided nature: it demands both regulation and protection. The contributors investigate the logic of literary repression, particularly in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, and analyse why it is thought essential to control literature. Moreover, the authors determine how literary practices are shaped and transformed by regulation and censorship."

freedom of expression --- freedom of speech --- library and information science --- democracy --- Scandinavian literature --- censorship

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About the publicationThis report contains an in depth analysis of the muted right to freedom of expression in Eritrea. The number and forms of human rights violations related to the curtailing of free speech have been and continue to be well documented across the globe. This discourse identifies the right to free reception of information and expression as the bedrock to realising and maintaining the rule of law. Investigated herein is the historical background to the political evolution of the small African state and the social impact of the prevailing human rights violations.This report contains a compilation of human rights violations as determined by international treaty bodies, interviews with Eritrean witnesses and diaspora in exile and civil society reports on the human rights situation. It is argued in the report that the absence of the rule of law in Eritrea is directly attributed to the collapse of free expression as political forces see this right as a threat to their power base – a form of suppression that has nullified all human rights and freedoms and might well damage its people beyond repair.Table of ContentsPrefaceList of abbreviationsList of Eritrean print and electronic mediaAcknowledgmentsExecutive summary EnglishExecutive summary FrenchExecutive summary TigrinyaExecutive summary ArabicIntroductionContextualising the rule of law in EritreaEritrea’s human rights obligations and rule of lawNon-Implementation of the Eritrean ConstitutionSuppression of free expression as an attack on the rule of law in EritreaPrelude to dictatorship: Human rights before September 2001The Crackdown of September 2001Free expression in Eritrea today: Effects of widespread reprisalsClosure of non-state media housesCollapse of the journalistic profession in EritreaInternet censorshipFrom arbitrary arrests to subtle control of the messagePervasive editorial spinThe ‘03’ rumour systemSuppression of foreign and diaspora mediaReporting the work of the courtsEritrea’s international relationsAwareness of the dangers of refugee flightRebirth of independent journalismRecommendationsAnnex I: Compilation of recorded human rights violations related to free speechArbitrary arrest and detentionTorture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentDeath in custodyAnnex II: Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: EritreaI. Recommendations acceptedII. Recommendations that do not enjoy the support of Eritrea

human rights human rights violations freedom of expression Eritrea violations

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Diverse Islamic groups have triggered a "revival of Islam" in Central Asia in the last decades. As a result, there has been a general securitization of Islam by the governments: not only do they combat the terrorist Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan but also outlaw popular groups such as the Gülen movement. However, strong repression of religion might lead to radicalization. Kathrin Lenz-Raymann tests this hypothesis with an agent-based computer simulation and enriches her study with interviews with international experts, leaders of political Islam and representatives of folk Islam. She concludes that ensuring religious rights is essential for national security.

Political Science --- Politics --- Political Ideologies --- Freedom of Religion --- Islamic Studies --- Social Movements --- Asia --- Political Science --- Securitization --- Islam --- Central Asia --- Terrorism --- Freedom of Religion