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The past years were characterized by a massive influx of migrants crossing the Union’s external borders seeking asylum. Illegal migration, exploitation of social welfare systems, foreign infiltration and the instrumentalization of religion condensed in terror attacks determine today’s changed attitude towards foreigners, refugees and migrants and therefore strongly impact the current European political agenda. Angelika C. Dankert describes the development of the EU and provides information on events that led to the creation and the spill-over of the Arab Spring. Roots and origin of Jihadist ideology as well as goals of religiously motivated terrorism are illustrated and European standards on morals and values are critically questioned. Through investigation of current matters in the field of law, security and interculturality, this book reveals the biggest geopolitical challenge of the 21st century.

Political Science --- Europe --- Arab Spring --- Migration --- Terrorism --- Foreign Politics --- Religion

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Since late 2010, an unprecedented wave of protests has swept across much of the Arab world. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of the armed forces when confronted with anti-regime uprisings that demand greater political freedoms or even regime change. Drawing on the cases of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Bahrain, Yemen and Syria, it argues that the degree of institutionalization of the armed forces and their relationship to society at large can account for different responses to pro-reform uprisings.

Armed forces, Security Sector Reform, Good Governance, Arab spring, transition, civil military relations

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Why do some individuals choose to protest political grievances via non-violent means, while others take up arms? What role does whom we trust play in how we collectively act? This book explores these questions by delving into the relationship between interpersonal trust and the nature of the political movements that individuals choose to join. Utilizing the examples of the Arab Spring uprisings in Egypt, Libya and Syria, a novel theoretical model that links the literature on social capital and interpersonal trust to violent collective action is developed and extended. Beyond simply bringing together two lines of literature, this theoretical model can serve as a prism from which the decision to join terrorist organizations or violent movements may be analyzed.

Political Science --- political science --- political movements --- Arab Spring --- uprising --- terrorism --- terrorist organizations --- violent movement --- Middle East --- Assad

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There is currently much discourse about generations in the public sphere. A sequence of letters conflates generations and age cohorts born in the last few decades (generation “X”, “Y” or “Z”) as well as multiple categories are used to describe today’s young people as a generation that is distinct from its predecessors. Despite the popularity of generational labels in media, politics, or even academia, the use of generation as a conceptual tool in youth studies has been controversial. This Special Issue allows readers to better understand the key issues regarding the use of generation as a theoretical concept and/or as a social category in the field of youth studies, shedding light on the controversies, trends, and cautions that go through it.

Arab Spring --- politics --- Tunisia --- youth --- young people --- political participation --- neoliberalism --- democracy --- Neoliberalism --- Political Participation --- Postmaterialism --- Political Consumerism --- Young people --- civic participation --- youth volunteering --- generations --- individualization --- individualism --- work values --- cohort differences --- generational differences --- age-period-cohort analysis --- youth --- generation --- sociology --- epistemology --- postcolonial studies --- Guinea --- Uganda --- Africa --- globalization --- Mannheim --- Karl --- political engagement --- political participation --- young people --- focus groups --- transitions --- adulthood --- generations --- Portugal --- life course --- generation --- transitions --- youth --- social class --- generations --- media --- digital divide --- youth studies --- generations --- political socialization --- political discontent --- political behavior --- trust in institutions --- democracy satisfaction --- transitions to adulthood --- young body --- generation --- somatic cultures --- Portugal --- sociology --- social history --- transition to adulthood --- adulthood --- generations --- Italy