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This book reveals the history of discussions regarding university education in Belgium, from the abolishment of the old university of Leuven in 1797 to the promulgation of the laws on higher education in 1890 and 1891. Different issues pass the revue, such as the number and location of the universities, the entrance conditions, the educational programme and methods, the organisation of the examination system, the transformation of the university - from a vocational school to a research institution -, the training of future professors and the admission of women to the university. The general debates are systematically confronted with practical developments within the faculties of arts and medicine. A double compromise characterised both the debates and the practical realisations: between what was generally considered the French model and the German university system, and between the internal and external freedom of the universities.
belgium --- 19th century --- university --- education
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Feld-maréchal, septième prince du nom, Charles-Joseph de Ligne (1735-1814) exerça une véritable fascination sur ses contemporains. Ce volume, auquel ont contribué des spécialistes issus de plusieurs disciplines, entend rompre avec la représentation figée d'un homme et d’une œuvre trop longtemps méconnus.
eighteenth century --- history --- literature --- Belgium
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The refugee question occupied centre stage at every political debate in Europe since 2015. Starting from the "long summer of migration", the polarization of opinions and attitudes towards asylum seekers among citizens of the EU has grown increasingly. The divergence between hospitality and hostility has also become evident in political reactions.
migrations --- asylum seekers --- refugees --- Europe --- polarization --- hospitality --- policy --- Germany --- Sweden --- Hungary --- Greece --- Italy --- Belgium --- cross-national
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"What events, places and figures linger in the memory of eighteen prominent Belgians when they think of their country? French-speaking and Dutch-speaking academics sought an answer to this question for several years. They organized meetings with Belgian duos from various social domains: the journalists Nina Verhaeghe and Christian Laporte, politicians Herman Van Rompuy and Philippe Moureaux, poets Dirk Van Bastelaere and Laurence Vielle, directors Jan Verheyen and Adil El Arbi, writers Kristien Hemmerechts and Vincent Engel, athletes Laurence Rase and Jean-Michel Saive, the businessmen Yves Noël & Christ'l Joris, the syndicalists Caroline Copers and Felipe Van Keirsbilck, and the imam and Islam teacher Brahim Laytouss and theologian Myriam Tonus.
België --- collectieve geheugen --- bekende Belgen --- herinneringen --- beelden --- opvattingen --- dialogen --- Vlaanderen --- Wallonië --- Belgium --- collective memory --- images
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Urban Resilience is seen by many as a tool to mitigate harm in times of extreme social, political, financial, and environmental stress. Despite its widespread usage, however, resilience is used in different ways by policy makers, activists, academics, and practitioners. Some see it as a key to unlocking a more stable and secure urban future in times of extreme global insecurity; for others, it is a neoliberal technology that marginalizes the voices of already marginal peoples. This volume moves beyond praise and critique by focusing on the actors, narratives and temporalities that define urban resilience in a global context. By exploring the past, present, and future of urban resilience, this volume unlocks the potential of this concept to build more sustainable, inclusive, and secure cities in the 21st century.
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This book examines the relevance of artistic practices in the current debate about the integration of de facto refugees in Europe, and also in the actual integration of refugee artists into the social fabric and the artistic scene. It looks at the role of arts (music, theatre, literature, etc.) in the solidarity movements in favor of refugees occurring in a number of European cities. It also examines the trajectory of refugee artists and their strategies to claim a position in their new society and artistic scene. The included chapters represent different disciplines and different theoretical perspectives (social movement theories, social mobilization theories, and cultural participation theories
third space --- solidarity --- postmigrant theater --- representation --- improvisation --- translation --- refugee crisis --- cultural policies --- relational dynamics --- creative process --- documentary films --- participatory video --- refugees --- political solidarity --- Italy --- refugees --- diversity --- migration --- world music --- fair participation --- Syrian artist --- minority arts --- universalism --- political art --- arts --- migration --- Belgium --- n/a
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In current times, highly complex and urgent policy problems—e.g., climate change, rapid urbanization, equitable access to key services, land rights, and massive human resettlement—challenge citizens, NGOs, private corporations, and governments at all levels. These policy problems, often called ‘wicked’, involve multiple causal factors, anticipated and unanticipated effects, as well as high levels of disagreement among stakeholders about the nature of the problem and the appropriateness of solutions. Given the wickedness of such policy problems, interdisciplinary and longitudinal research is required, integrating and harnessing the diverse skills and knowledge of urban planners, anthropologists, geographers, geo-information scientists, economists, and others. This Special Issue promotes innovative concepts, methods, and tools, as well as the role of geo-information, to help (1) analyze alternative policy solutions, (2) facilitate stakeholder dialogue, and (3) explore possibilities for tackling wicked problems related to climate change, rapid urbanization, equitable access to key services (such as water and health), land rights, and human resettlements in high-, middle-, and low-income countries in the North and South. Such integrative approaches can deepen our understanding of how different levels of government and governance reach consensus, despite diverging beliefs and preferences. Due to the particularly complex spatiotemporal characteristics of wicked policy problems, innovative concepts, alternative methods, and new geo-information tools play a significant role.
climate change --- climate governance --- vulnerability --- heat wave --- FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping) --- New York City --- income groups --- rural water supply --- water point mapping --- Tanzania --- spatial data infrastructure (SDI) --- governance --- SDI development --- self-organisation --- complex adaptive systems --- longitudinal analysis --- large-scale base map --- the Netherlands --- Flanders --- rural water governance --- water points --- functionality --- information communication technologies (ICTs) --- administrative technologies --- Citizen Science --- data gaps --- spatial data infrastructures --- Danube region --- European Union Strategy for the Danube Region --- e-services --- geospatial data --- governance --- coordination --- Belgium --- renewable energy --- social acceptance --- energy governance --- interactive mapping tools --- maptable --- rural water supply --- information infrastructure --- key services --- ICT4D --- mobile phone --- dashboard --- Tanzania --- n/a
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Alternative treatment modes for antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens have become a public health priority. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect and lyse bacterial cells. Since bacteriophages are frequently bacterial host species-specific and can often also infect antibiotic-resistant bacterial cells, they could represent ideal antimicrobials for fighting the antibiotic resistance crisis. The medical use of bacteriophages has become known as phage therapy. It is widely used in Russia, where phage cocktails are sold in pharmacies as an over-the-counter drug. However, no phage product has been registered for medical purposes outside of the former Soviet Union. The current Special Issue of Viruses contains a collection of papers from opinion leaders in the field who explore hurdles to the introduction of phage therapy in western countries. The articles cover diverse topics ranging from patent to regulatory issues, the targeting of suitable bacterial infections, and the selection and characterization of safe and efficient phage cocktails. Phage resistance is discussed, and gaps in our knowledge of phage–bacterium interactions in the mammalian body are revealed, while other articles explore the use of phages in food production and processing.
Staphylococcus aureus --- bacteriophage --- phage therapy --- vB_SauM-fRuSau02 --- Twortlikevirus --- antibiotic --- antimicrobial resistance --- magistral preparation --- compounding pharmacy --- phage therapy --- regulatory framework --- personalized medicine --- bacteriophage --- phage --- horizontal gene transfer --- co-evolution --- phage therapy --- industrial phage application --- antimicrobial resistance (AMR) --- Germany --- pH stability --- phage-host interactions --- genomics --- antibiotic-resistance --- phage preparation --- lysins --- biofilms --- typhoid fever --- Salmonella Typhi --- extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- bacteriophages --- MALDI-MS --- Staphylococcus --- bacteriophages --- phage therapy --- Kayvirus --- Viral proteins --- bacteriophage --- therapy --- phage therapy --- bacterial disease --- infection --- target selection --- Bacteriophage --- phage therapy --- resistance --- adaptation --- prophage --- production --- regulation --- phage therapy --- viral genomes --- best practices --- IND --- high-throughput sequencing --- bacteriophages --- phages --- food safety --- foodborne illness --- phage therapy --- history of science --- science communication --- bacteriophage --- phage therapy --- sustainable agriculture --- zoonosis --- antibiotic resistance --- phage therapy --- experimental therapy --- phage cocktails --- anti-phage antibodies --- prophage --- immunomodulation --- phage therapy --- evolution --- bacterial resistance --- virulence --- Listeria ivanovii --- bacteriophages --- alginate --- production --- disinfection --- phagodisinfection --- virus–host interactions --- bacteriophage efficacy --- gastrointestinal tract --- phage therapy --- bacteriophage --- phage therapy --- antimicrobial resistance --- antibiotic --- global health --- developing countries --- infectious disease --- bacteriophage --- phage --- phage therapy --- phage-resistance --- phage therapy --- bacterial infection --- capsule depolymerase --- antibiotic --- animal model --- bacterial resistance --- bacteriophage --- immunology --- innate immunity --- adaptive immunity --- human host --- phage-human host interaction --- bacterial infection --- antibiotic resistance --- bacteriophage --- antibiotic therapy --- phage therapy --- cases report --- abortive infection --- prophage --- adsorption --- Enterococcus --- rhamnopolysaccharide --- bacteriophage --- phage therapy --- Staphylococcus aureus --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- frequency of resistance --- phage sensitivity --- resistance management --- nontraditional antibacterial --- bacteriophages --- phage therapy --- antibiotic resistance --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Escherichia coli --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Brussels --- Belgium --- phage biocontrol --- patent landscape --- crop production --- bacteriophage --- phage therapy --- multidrug-resistant bacteria --- antimicrobial resistance --- bacteriophage therapy --- compassionate use --- antibiotic resistance --- phage therapy --- PTMP --- ATMP --- regulatory framework --- pharmaceutical paradigm shift --- clinical trial --- magistral formula --- personalized medicine --- phage therapy --- E. faecalis --- OrthoMCL --- antimicrobial resistance --- capsule --- Galleria mellonella --- Klebsiella pneumoniae --- phage therapy --- n/a --- antimicrobial resistance --- bacteriophage --- personalised medicines --- phage therapy --- pharmaceutical legislation --- regulatory framework
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