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This Special Issue on molecular genetics, genomics, and biotechnology in crop plant breeding seeks to encourage the use of the tools currently available. It features nine research papers that address quality traits, grain yield, and mutations by exploring cytoplasmic male sterility, the delicate control of flowering in rice, the removal of anti-nutritional factors, the use and development of new technologies for non-model species marker technology, site-directed mutagenesis and GMO regulation, genomics selection and genome-wide association studies, how to cope with abiotic stress, and an exploration of fruit trees adapted to harsh environments for breeding purposes. A further four papers review the genetics of pre-harvest spouting, readiness for climate-smart crop development, genomic selection in the breeding of cereal crops, and the large numbers of mutants in straw lignin biosynthesis and deposition.

phloem metabolites --- electrospray ionisation --- mass spectrometry --- cultivar --- quality groups --- nitrogen --- faba bean --- zt-1 --- linkage map --- SSR --- ISSR --- Brassica napus --- GmDof4 --- GmDof11 --- oleic acid --- fatty acid composition --- differentially expressed genes --- drought --- RNA-seq --- RNA editing --- wheat --- climate change --- mapping populations --- genetic resources --- mutation breeding --- genome editing --- new plant breeding techniques --- “omics” data --- bioinformatics --- rice --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- Wx --- TGW6 --- mutations --- maintainer --- cytoplasmic male sterile --- amylose content --- anther --- protein --- cytoplasmic male sterility --- fertility restoration --- sunflower --- Rf1 gene --- GWAS --- Pentatricopeptide Repeats --- PPR genes --- association mapping --- candidate genes --- gene mapping --- lodicule --- non-open hull 1(noh1) --- rice --- crops --- quantitative genetics --- estimated breeding value --- genomic prediction --- plant breeding --- breeding scheme --- pedigree --- genetic value --- wheat --- pre-harvest sprouting --- seed dormancy --- abscisic acid --- gibberellin --- QTL/genes --- brown midrib --- cell wall --- gold hull and internode --- grass family --- lignin --- monolignol pathway --- mutational breeding --- orange lemma --- transgenic cereals --- SNP --- SSR --- next generation sequencing --- genotyping by sequencing --- Japanese plum --- SSR --- diversity --- genetic structure --- candidate genes --- genomic selection --- mutants --- ddRAD sequencing --- genotyping-by-sequencing --- CRISPR/Cas9 site directed mutagenesis --- genome-wide association scan --- genetic modification --- F1 hybrids --- QTL

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The endometrium has been the subject of intense research in a variety of clinical settings, because of its importance in the reproductive process and its role in women’s health. In the past 15 years, significant efforts have been invested in defining the molecular phenotype of the receptive phase endometrium as well as of various endometrial pathologies. Although this has generated a wealth of information on the molecular landscape of human endometrium, there is a need to complement this information in light of the novel methodologies and innovative technical approaches. The focus of this International Journal of Molecular Sciences Special Issue is on molecular and cellular mechanisms of endometrium and endometrium-related disorders. The progress made in the molecular actions of steroids, in the metabolism of steroids and intracrinology, in endometrial intracellular pathways, in stem cells biology, as well as in the molecular alterations underlying endometrium-related pathologies has been the focus of the reviews and papers included.

RANK --- endometrium --- endometrial cancer --- prognosis --- immunohistochemistry --- gene expression --- endometriosis --- developmental pathway --- pathogenomics --- mesenchymal stem cells --- endometrial cancer --- mtDNA mutations --- deficit of complex I --- antioxidant response --- mitochondrial biogenesis --- mitochondrial dynamics --- mitophagy --- miRNA --- lncRNAs --- endometrial cancer --- endometriosis --- chronic endometritis --- cell contacts --- tight junction --- adherens junction --- gap junction --- endometrium --- implantation --- decidualization --- endometriosis --- endometrial cancer --- liquid biopsy --- uterine aspirate --- circulating tumour cells (CTCs) --- circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) --- exosomes --- Vitamin D --- endometrium --- endometrial cancer --- endometrial cancer --- preclinical models --- translational research --- endometrial cancer --- type II endometrial carcinoma --- targeted therapy --- kinase inhibitor --- molecular marker --- protein kinase --- protein phosphatase --- PP2A --- PPP2R1A --- SMAP --- endometriosis --- infertility --- niche --- inflammation --- immunomodulation --- mesenchymal stem cell --- orthoxenograft --- uterine cancer --- avatar --- murine models --- personalized medicine --- targeted therapy --- preclinical studies --- translational research --- endometriosis --- TRP channels --- endometrial stromal cells --- eutopic and ectopic endometrium --- endometrial cell --- pathway --- proliferation --- decidualization --- migration --- angiogenesis --- regeneration --- breakdown --- implantation --- endometrial cancer --- orthotopic xenograft model --- estrogen dependent --- bioluminescence imaging --- contrast-enhanced CT scan --- endometrium --- adult stem cells --- endometrial regeneration --- stem cell markers --- endometriosis --- endometrial cancer --- decidualisation --- oestradiol --- aromatase --- testosterone --- dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) --- endometriosis --- endometrial cancer --- sulfatase --- endometriosis --- ectopic stroma --- microRNA --- small RNA sequencing --- EDN1 --- HOXA10 --- miR-139-5p --- miR-375 --- CTCF --- tumour suppressor gene --- haploinsufficiency --- zinc finger --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- cancer --- endometrial cancer --- gene editing --- phosphoinositide 3-kinase --- PIK3CA --- PIK3CB --- p110? --- p110? --- endometrial cancer --- LGR5 --- endometrium --- endometriosis --- menstrual cycle --- macrophages