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Which recent methodological innovations have occurred in the field of comparative literature? What are the critical paradigms behind the practices of comparative research today? These questions are the starting point of the present issue which brings together different comparative studies from the vantage points of: methodological and epistemological reflection about (in)comparability and difference; transversal phenomena of acculturation, networks and intercultural dialogues; the hybridity of (natural and conceptual) languages, translation and transposition. In this way, the studies presented in this volume hope to foster discussions about the foundation, the history, the limits and the methods of comparatives studies today.

comparative literature --- literary theory

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Ethics, Politics and Justice in Dante presents new research by international scholars on the themes of ethics, politics and justice in the works of Dante Alighieri, including chapters on Dante’s modern ‘afterlife’.

Together the chapters explore how Dante’s writings engage with the contemporary culture of medieval Florence and Italy, and how and why his political and moral thought still speaks compellingly to modern readers. The collection’s contributors range across different disciplines and scholarly traditions – history, philology, classical reception, philosophy, theology – to scrutinise Dante’s Divine Comedy and his other works in Italian and Latin, offering a multi-faceted approach to the evolution of Dante’s political, ethical and legal thought throughout his writing career.

Dante --- Comparative literature --- literature

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Lorsque, à la fin du xixe siècle, la sociologie est portée sur les fonts baptismaux, la comparaison internationale est présentée par des auteurs comme E. Durkheim ou M. Weber comme l’un des détours méthodologiques les plus fructueux pour l’analyse des institutions et des pratiques sociales. Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui ? Comment, à l’heure d’une globalisation multiforme, les différentes sciences de la société - l’économie, l’histoire, les sciences de l’éducation, les sciences politiques, la socio...

sociologie, méthodologie, recherche, méthode comparative

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Dear Colleagues,Comparative theology is a field with a lineage as long as the earliest efforts by believers to engage, understand, learn from and critique other religions. In the 1980s and 1990s, scholars revived the field as timely in light of today’s religious diversity. They have given it some new characteristics, tried new methods, and argued for fresh implications, and thus in a real sense reinvented the discipline, affording new energy to the study of religions in practice and in the particular, without undue a priori attention to theoretical presuppositions and issues of method. Now younger theologians in different traditions have further interrogated its presumptions and practices and brought it into conversation with post-colonialism, gender studies, ethnographic research, and a (re)turn to theologies of religious pluralism. This thematic issue focuses on the European context to see how this new field has been received, understood, and critiqued among scholars writing in Europe.Helpful recent secondary sources include Francis X Clooney’s Comparative Theology (2010), and his edited volume, with contributions from younger scholars, The New Comparative Theology (2010).Prof. Dr. Francis X. ClooneyDr. John BerthrongGuest Editors

comparative --- theology --- religious reading --- practice --- particularit

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The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny?b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared?c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success?d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.

comparative neurobiology --- brain evolution --- ontogeny --- phylogeny