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The aging society and threatening old-age poverty are two major political topics in Germany for the next decades. Many modern employment biographies consist of atypical employment and discontinuities; both negatively impact the pension entitlements of the individuals. This work develops an inninnovative approach that offers flexibility to absorb demographic changes as well as labor market developments, without threatening the financial stability of the public pension scheme.
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The decline in birth rates in advanced economies is not a new phenomenon. Between 1880 and 1900 birth rates dropped from 5.5 children per woman to 2.5 children per woman. A further decline from 2.5 to 1.5 or even 1.3 children took much longer – about 80 years. One of the most apparent causes is, however, widely ignored. Beatrice Scheubel tries to fill this gap. According to the so-called Social Security Hypothesis, insurance against the risks of life (i.e. poverty for all sorts of reasons, in particular, age) by the state crowds out all types of private insurance. One of the (vast) different possibilities to privately insure oneself against poverty is having children. That is why it should not be surprising to witness falling birth rates given the sheer magnitude of the welfare state. In this book, Beatrice Scheubel analyses the effects of the first comprehensive system of social security, which was introduced between 1883 and 1891 in Germany.
Economics --- Economic History --- Corporate & Business History --- Advanced Economies --- Social Security Hypothesis --- insurance --- Fertility --- birth rates --- social security --- Bismarck --- demography --- demographic change
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25 years ago there was still forced early retirement. Today, working life is drawn out for as long as possible: this book explains how this paradigm shift in aged employment came about.
Labour Market --- Demographic Change --- Retirement --- Social Policy --- Aging Studies --- Work --- Sociology of Work and Industry --- Capitalism --- Sociology --- Arbeitsmarkt --- Demographischer Wandel --- Ruhestand --- Sozialpolitik --- Alterserwerbstätigkeit --- Frührente --- Alter --- Arbeit --- Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie --- Kapitalismus --- Soziologie
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