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Ce volume se propose de rouvrir les recherches sur la confrontation entre Spinoza et Malebranche, à laquelle l’histoire de la philosophie s’est jusqu’ici peu livrée, ou dont elle ne s’est guère acquittée que sous les formes figées de la triangulation (la lecture croisée des deux auteurs dans leur rapport à Descartes) ou de la réfutation (de Spinoza seul, ou de Malebranche – voire de Descartes – compromis par la proximité du spinozisme). Ce livre fait d’abord un état des lieux de la question en situant les deux auteurs par rapport à l’héritage cartésien et en restituant les discussions polémiques autour du spinozisme de Malebranche. Les textes recueillis examinent ensuite de nouvelles pistes et effectuent des rapprochements inédits, afin d’accroître à la fois notre connaissance des deux systèmes que celle de leur réception : ils donnent lieu à un face à face spéculatif qui explore aussi bien l’ontologie et la théorie de la connaissance que l’éthique et la politique.

Descartes --- Hume --- Leibniz --- Malebranche --- Spinoza

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Il peut sembler à première vue surprenant de rechercher chez un auteur disparu il y a trois siècles des précisions ou des distinctions pertinentes pour clarifier les enjeux et les formulations des discussions contemporaines portant sur la notion de disposition. Qu’il s’agisse des concepts, des méthodes ou de l'état des connaissances, nous sommes en effet plutôt enclins à voir dans l’univers que décrit la philosophie leibnizienne un ensemble de conceptions relativement étrangères aux questions...

Leibniz, dispositions, causalité, puissance, mécanique, mécanique quantique

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Ce volume regroupe trente-neuf articles publiés entre 1893 et 1917 par le philosophe de la logique, des mathématiques et du langage que fut Louis Couturat (1868-1914). Ces articles, publiés pendant dans diverses revues, en particulier dans la Revue de métaphysique et de morale, sont ici rassemblés pour la première fois. Ils portent essentiellement sur la logique, la philosophie des mathématiques et celle du langage sous l’angle de la langue universelle. Ils illustrent aussi la vigueur du lien entre sciences et philosophie à cette époque. Ce volume n’est pas seulement intéressant pour mieux comprendre les thèses rationalistes que défendit Couturat au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles, alors que le logicisme d’un côté, le bergsonisme de l’autre, semblaient transformer totalement la philosophie. Il fournit également un nouvel éclairage sur le mouvement des idées à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, alors que la Société française de philosophie était créée et qu’étaient organisés les premiers Congrès internationaux rassemblant des savants par-delà les frontières.

international language --- Leibniz (Gottfried Wihelm) --- Kant (Emmanuel) --- philosophy of mathematics

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Modern information communication technology eradicates barriers of geographic distances, making the world globally interdependent, but this spatial globalization has not eliminated cultural fragmentation. The Two Cultures of C.P. Snow (that of science–technology and that of humanities) are drifting apart even faster than before, and they themselves crumble into increasingly specialized domains. Disintegrated knowledge has become subservient to the competition in technological and economic race leading in the direction chosen not by the reason, intellect, and shared value-based judgement, but rather by the whims of autocratic leaders or fashion controlled by marketers for the purposes of political or economic dominance. If we want to restore the authority of our best available knowledge and democratic values in guiding humanity, first we have to reintegrate scattered domains of human knowledge and values and offer an evolving and diverse vision of common reality unified by sound methodology. This collection of articles responds to the call from the journal Philosophies to build a new, networked world of knowledge with domain specialists from different disciplines interacting and connecting with other knowledge-and-values-producing and knowledge-and-values-consuming communities in an inclusive, extended, contemporary natural–philosophic manner. In this process of synthesis, scientific and philosophical investigations enrich each other—with sciences informing philosophies about the best current knowledge of the world, both natural and human-made—while philosophies scrutinize the ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundations of sciences, providing scientists with questions and conceptual analyses. This is all directed at extending and deepening our existing comprehension of the world, including ourselves, both as humans and as societies, and humankind.

n/a --- compositional hierarchy --- development --- dissipative structures --- final cause --- internalism --- Second Law of thermodynamics --- subsumptive hierarchy --- agonism --- apophasis --- autocatalysis --- centripetality --- contingency --- endogenous selection --- heterogeneity --- indeterminacy --- process --- mathematics --- physics --- philosophical foundations --- natural philosophy --- the logic of nature --- ontology --- epistemology --- in the name of nature --- philosophy of information --- natural philosophy --- metaphysics --- physics --- problem of induction --- physicalism --- theoretical unity --- philosophy of science --- scientific method --- scientific progress --- pessimistic induction --- awareness --- cognition --- computation --- cybernetics --- differentiation --- fitness --- holographic encoding --- memory --- perception --- quantum information --- signal transduction --- spatial representation --- thermodynamics --- unitarity --- Leibniz --- monad --- internal quantum state --- relational biology --- reflexive psychology --- self --- induction --- naturalism --- evidence and justification --- epistemic norms --- induction and concept formation --- induction and discovery of laws --- natural philosophy --- R.M. Unger --- L. Smolin --- Aristotle --- F.W.J. Schelling --- Naturphilosophie --- A.N. Whitehead --- Ivor Leclerc --- dialectics --- discourse --- discursive space --- information --- knowledge --- humanistic management --- language --- natural philosophy --- subjective experience --- process --- dual aspects --- consciousness --- information-theory --- theoretical biology --- 1st-person and 3rd-person perspectives --- hylomorphism --- mind --- form --- matter --- neurodynamics --- natural philosophy --- philosophy of science --- Jungian psychology --- depth psychology --- analytical psychology --- phenomenological psychology --- evolutionary psychology --- active imagination --- Aristotle’s four causes --- aesthetics in science --- philosophy as a way of life --- common good --- contradiction --- ethics --- information --- logic --- naturalization --- realism --- science --- synthesis --- natural philosophy --- philosophy of nature --- naturalism --- unity of knowledge --- qualitative ontology --- intentionality --- dispositions --- qualia --- abduction --- agent-based reasoning --- creativity --- eco-cognitive model --- eco-cognitive openness --- fallacies --- errors of reasoning --- third-way reasoning --- naturalization of logic --- causality --- embodiment --- measurement --- regulation --- retrocausality --- second-person description --- symmetry breaking --- temporality --- natural philosophy --- cosmology --- emptiness --- vacuum --- void --- dark energy --- space flight --- exoplanet --- big freeze --- big crunch --- everyday lifeworld --- digitization --- computability --- complexity --- reverse mathematics --- quantum computing --- real computing --- theory of everything --- acategoriality --- state-space approach --- mental representation --- dual-aspect monism --- exceptional experiences --- intentionality --- mind-matter relations --- category theory --- memory evolutive system --- emergence --- emergentist reductionism --- anticipation --- creativity --- info-computational model