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Wind turbine aerodynamics is one of the central subjects of wind turbine technology. To reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), the size of a single wind turbine has been increased to 12 MW at present, with further increases expected in the near future. Big wind turbines and their associated wind farms have many advantages but also challenges. The typical effects are mainly related to the increase in Reynolds number and blade flexibility. This Special Issue is a collection of 21 important research works addressing the aerodynamic challenges appearing in such developments. The 21 research papers cover a wide range of problems related to wind turbine aerodynamics, which includes atmospheric turbulent flow modeling, wind turbine flow modeling, wind turbine design, wind turbine control, wind farm flow modeling in complex terrain, wind turbine noise modeling, vertical axis wind turbine, and offshore wind energy. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection regarding their own work and the goal of enabling the technological development of new environmentally friendly and cost-effective wind energy systems in order to reach the target of 100% energy use from renewable sources, worldwide, by 2050

H-type floating VAWT --- truss Spar floating foundation --- coupling of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics --- computational fluid dynamics --- wind farm --- complex terrain --- SCADA --- met mast measurements --- wind turbine --- simplified free vortex wake --- vortex ring --- aerodynamics --- axial steady condition --- variable pitch --- H-type VAWT --- straight blade --- DMST model --- NACA0012 --- wind energy --- power coefficient --- tip speed ratio --- wind turbine blade optimization --- computational fluid dynamic --- actuator disc --- wake effect --- Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) --- wind turbine airfoil --- dynamic stall --- boundary layer separation --- aerodynamic characteristics --- rotor blade optimization --- blade parametrization --- computational fluid dynamics --- OpenFOAM --- gradient-based --- adjoint approach --- wind turbine optimization --- low wind speed areas --- cost of energy --- particle swarm optimization --- dynamic stall --- pitch oscillation --- oscillating freestream --- rotational augmentation --- wind turbine --- turbulence --- super-statistics --- piezo-electric flow sensor --- ABL stability --- laminar-turbulent transition --- wind speed extrapolation --- atmospheric stability --- wind shear --- wind resource assessment --- wind turbine --- stall --- NREL Phase VI --- S809 airfoil --- MEXICO --- RANS --- wind turbine wakes --- turbulence --- actuator disk --- LES --- wind tunnel --- OpenFOAM --- wind turbine --- wind turbine design --- optimization --- blade length --- economic analysis --- typhoon --- wind turbine --- meso/microscale --- aerodynamic force --- mechanical performance --- thermography --- wind turbine blades --- defects --- image processing --- condition monitoring --- wind farm --- layout optimization --- design --- random search --- complex terrain --- airfoil design --- aerodynamic --- wind tunnel experiment --- VAWTs (Vertical axis wind turbines) --- computational fluid dynamics --- floating offshore wind turbine --- dynamic fluid body interaction --- semi-submersible platform --- OC5 DeepCWind --- wind turbine --- aerodynamics --- turbulent inflow --- Computational Fluid Dynamics --- blade element momentum theory --- actuator line method --- Fatigue Loads --- wind turbine noise source --- wind turbine noise propagation --- wind turbine wake --- n/a

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“Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2018”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental as well as computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed both original research articles as well as review articles. After one year, 28 papers were submitted and 14 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was 37.91 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (9); Korea (3); Spain (1); and India (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics, including analysis of fans, turbines, fires in tunnels, vortex generators, deep sea mining, as well as pumps.

axial fan --- rotating stall --- aerodynamic noise --- numerical simulation --- noise spectrum --- centrifugal pump --- radiation noise --- distribution characteristic --- acoustic energy --- experimental research --- thermosyphon --- volume of fluid --- multiphase flow --- evaporation and condensation --- centrifugal pump --- impeller --- blade wrap angle --- blade exit angle --- optimized design --- deep sea mining --- manganese nodules exploitation --- hydraulic collecting --- suction flow field --- dimensional analysis --- circumferential groove casing treatment --- sweep and lean --- CGCT-blade integrated optimization --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- flow around cylinder --- fluid structure interaction (FSI) --- hydrodynamic response --- numerical methods --- simulation and modeling --- vortex induced vibration (VIV) ratio --- gas turbine --- axial gap --- hot streak --- heat transfer --- leading edge --- global optimization --- cavitation inception --- orthogonal test --- CFD simulation --- two-stage axial fan --- numerical simulation --- abnormal blade installation angle --- rotating stall --- Tesla turbine --- fluid dynamics --- disc thickness --- disc spacing distance --- isentropic efficiency --- plug-holing --- tunnel slope --- fire --- natural ventilation --- ventilation performance --- aspect ratio --- evacuation --- fire propagation --- tunnel vehicle fire --- unsteady heat release rate --- flow control --- vortex generators --- source term --- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) --- OpenFOAM --- wind tunnel

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Wave energy has a higher potential than most of the available ocean energy resources; however, it fluctuates dramatically depending on geographical and temporal baselines. The complexity of wave energy is only exacerbated by that fact that the cycle of creation, transport, and disappearance of wave energy is influenced by a wide variety of factors. This Special Issue of Energies explores the latest developments in wave energy potential, behavior, and extraction. This Special Issue introduces 1) thorough reviews on the status of wave energy development, 2) novel technologies to extract wave energy including wave energy converter design, and 3) latest methodologies applied in analyzing wave energy potentials.

wave energy --- OpenFOAM --- peak forces --- extreme waves --- tsunami --- linear damping --- friction --- wave energy converter (WEC) --- design --- survival --- extreme conditions --- mooring --- station keeping --- wave energy --- optimization --- meta-model --- surrogate model --- cost --- wave energy converters (WEC) --- raft-type wave energy converter (WEC) --- power take-off (PTO) --- frequency domain --- time domain --- power capture ability --- capture width ratio --- wave energy converter --- pontoon --- efficiency improvement --- hybrid system --- linear potential flow theory --- point absorber --- power take-off --- hydrodynamic optimization --- levelised cost of energy --- Mediterranean Sea --- wave energy --- short-crested waves --- multidirectional --- arrays --- parks --- multiple scattering --- power fluctuations --- oscillating water column --- wave energy --- wave diffraction --- eigen-function expansion --- potential flow theory --- air chamber --- wind power --- wave power --- offshore oil platforms --- Gulf of Mexico --- Geographic Information Systems --- WaveWatch III --- wave energy --- wave energy converters --- design --- challenges

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Fluid flow and heat transfer processes play an important role in many areas of science and engineering, from the planetary scale (e.g., influencing weather and climate) to the microscopic scales of enhancing heat transfer by the use of nanofluids; understood in the broadest possible sense, they also underpin the performance of many energy systems. This topical Special Issue of Energies is dedicated to the recent advances in this very broad field. This book will be of interest to readers not only in the fields of mechanical, aerospace, chemical, process and petroleum, energy, earth, civil ,and flow instrumentation engineering but, equally, biological and medical sciences, as well as physics and mathematics; that is, anywhere that “fluid flow and heat transfer” phenomena may play an important role or be a subject of worthy research pursuits.

performance characteristics --- Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) elements --- heat transfer --- thermal performance --- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation --- air heater --- impingement heat transfer enhancement --- orthogonal jet --- turbulence --- flat plate --- Colebrook equation --- Colebrook-White --- flow friction --- iterative procedure --- logarithms --- Padé polynomials --- hydraulic resistances --- turbulent flow --- pipes --- computational burden --- thermodynamic --- numerical simulation --- thermal effect --- axial piston pumps --- microbubble pump --- bubble generation --- pump efficiency --- bubble size --- concentration --- particle counter --- flow-induced motion --- sharp sections --- T-section prism --- load resistances --- section aspect ratios --- energy conversion --- thermosyphon --- phase change --- two-phase flow --- visualization --- superheated steam --- triaxial stress --- thermogravimetry --- X-ray microtomography --- thermal cracking --- microbubbles --- fluidics --- flow oscillation --- oscillators --- energetics --- pressure loss --- pressure drop --- friction factor --- multiphase flow --- flow rate --- flow regime --- POD --- entropy generation --- boundary layer --- laminar separation bubble --- two-phase flow --- pump performance --- computational fluid dynamics --- centrifugal pump --- flow behavior --- magnetic field --- ferrofluid --- porous cavity --- heat transfer --- mass transfer --- numerical modeling --- numerical modeling --- surrogate model --- correlation --- fin-tube --- spiral fin-tube --- CFD --- ( A g ? F e 3 O 4 / H 2 O ) hybrid nanofluid --- nonlinear thermal radiation --- heat transfer --- chemical reaction --- mass transfer --- method of moment --- numerical results --- transient analysis --- pumps --- moment of inertia --- water hammer --- pipe flow --- wind turbine --- downwind --- tower shadow --- load --- tower --- BEM --- actuator disc --- CANDU-6 --- PHWR --- moderator --- turbulence --- OpenFOAM --- printed circuit heat exchanger --- supercritical LNG --- zigzag type --- heat transfer performance --- gas turbine engine --- particle deposition --- capture efficiency --- multiphase flow --- tip leakage flow --- detached-eddy simulation --- vortex breakdown --- transonic compressor --- POD --- tip leakage flow --- decomposition region --- decomposition dimensionalities --- vortex identification --- SPIV --- fire-spreading characteristics --- real vehicle experiments --- toxic gases --- temperature distributions --- unsteady heat release rate --- thermal energy recovery --- flue gas --- dew point temperature --- condensation --- Aspen® --- thermoacoustic electricity generator --- multi-stage --- traveling-wave heat engine --- push-pull --- inertance-compliance --- acoustic streaming --- n/a