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Books before print – manuscripts – were modified continuously throughout the medieval period. Focusing on the ninth and twelfth centuries, this volume explores such material changes as well as the varying circumstances under which handwritten books were produced, used and collected. An important theme is the relationship between the physical book and its users. Can we reflect on reading practices through an examination of the layout of a text? To what extent can we use the contents of libraries to understand the culture of the book? The volume explores such issues by focusing on a broad palette of texts and through a detailed analysis of manuscripts from all corners of Europe.

manuscripts --- medieval period

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In Architecture and Asceticism Loosley Leeming explores the links between Syria and Georgia in late antiquity. The book takes an inter-disciplinary approach and examines the question from archaeological, art historical, historical, literary and theological viewpoints. Readership: This work is aimed at specialists in Oriental and Eastern Christianity, Late Antique material culture, Syrian (and Syriac) Studies, Kartvelology, Byzantine Studies, Sassanian Studies and Late Antique Levantine and Caucasian issues.

Archaeology by period / region

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This volume presents the results of the excavations conducted by the University of Copenhagen at Pontecagnano (Prop. Avallone), located some 8 km southeast of Salerno in the northern part (the Ager Picentinus) of the Sele Plain in Campania. The excavations revealed a part of the residential zone of the ancient town with two main phases of occupation, the first belonging to the late Classical/early Hellenistic period (second half of 4th to early 3rd century BC) and the second to the late Republican period (2nd to first half of 1st century BC). Both phases represent crucial periods in the history of Southern Italy. The first is a period of turmoil due to the Roman penetration southwards, while the second period falls after a period of crisis after the Second Punic War. The structures of the first phase form part of a general reorganization of the Etruscan-Campanian settlement and testify to a community of some wealth. A habitation unit provided with a stone-paved courtyard and polychrome stucco illustrates this. In the second phase the zone was only partly reoccupied. During Imperial times the area was frequented in a sporadic manner. The book adds considerably to our knowledge of the settlement of ancient Pontecagnano. It is the most complete work on a habitation context published so far, and it offers a fine selection of all groups of archaeological material from this important site.

archaeology --- votive repository --- Hellenistic period --- Roman period --- habitat --- necropolis

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This investigation sheds light on Isaac Argyrus and his scholarly work in 14th-century Constantinople on the basis of his book production: it　thus fills a major desideratum of cultural-historical, paleographical, and textual critical studies on the Palaeologan Age. After a brief introduction summing up the state of the art, the available textual sources are discussed in order to define the timeframe of Argyrus' life and to gather all information about him and his career. A complete lists of the manuscript collection copied by Argyrus introduces the pivotal aspect of the research: the analysis of Argyrus’ handwriting in relation with the contemporary graphic context. Since Argyrus seems to have mastered two types of handwriting, a formal one and a cursive one, his graphic training must have been based on two differed models: on the one side the hand of his teacher, Nicephorus Gregoras, on the other one a writing style widespread in the XIV century, known as Τῶν῾ Οδηγῶν. The paleographical point of view leads also to the reconstruction of Argyrus' scholarly enviroment, through a detailed description of hands of the scribes who collaborated with him. The writing procedure followed by Argyrus in the composition of his theological treatises eanbles a sound definition of his skills as author. Descriptive reports of each analysed codex conclude the volume. This book shows an example how the use and analysis of material sources, such as manuscripts, can give a innovative and fruitful perspective in investigation about the scholary writings practices in the Byzantine age.

palaeography --- Palaeologan period --- manuscript tradition

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Wirtschafts- und Rechnungsbücher bieten mehrdimensionale Zugänge und erfordern multidisziplinäre Annäherungen. Dass sie weit mehr sind als Einnahmen- und Ausgabeverzeichnisse zeigen die hier vorliegenden 17 Beiträge mit Beispielen von Lübeck bis Lyon. Sie vereinen die Ergebnisse eines Workshops, der diese Gattung serieller Quellen von Seiten der Geschichtswissenschaft und der Historischen Sprachforschung, der Editions- und Medienwissenschaft sowie der historischen Wirtschafts- und Betriebswirtschaftswissenschaft in den Blick genommen hat.

account book --- Middle Ages --- early modern period