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The book gives a quite complete and up-to-date picture of the Standard Theory with an historical perspective, with a collection of articles written by some of the protagonists of present particle physics. The theoretical developments are described together with the most up-to-date experimental tests, including the discovery of the Higgs Boson and the measurement of its mass as well as the most precise measurements of the top mass, giving the reader a complete description of our present understanding of particle physics.
Standard Model --- Higgs --- QCD --- Electroweak --- Lepton --- Quark --- Particle Accelerator
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The book edition of the Universe Special Issue “Compact Stars in the QCD Phase Diagram” is devoted to the overarching aspects shared between heavy-ion collisions and compact star astrophysics in investigating the hadron-to-quark matter phase transition in the equation of state of strongly interacting matter in different regions of the phase diagram of QCD. It comprises 22 review and research articles that, together, will serve as a useful guide in educating both young and senior scientists in this emerging field that represents an intersection of the communities of strongly interacting matter theory, heavy-ion collision physics and compact star astrophysics.
heavy-ion collisions --- directed flow --- hydrodynamics --- deconfinement --- hybrid stars --- neutron stars --- equation of state --- ? meson condensation --- maximum mass --- ? resonances --- finite temperature --- finite density --- quark-gluon plasma --- finite size --- speed of sound --- neutron stars --- equation of state --- in-medium effects --- neutrino --- Quantum Chromodynamics --- dense matter --- vector interaction --- neutron stars --- equation of state --- QCD matter --- phase transition --- critical point --- modified excluded-volume mechanism --- dense matter --- equation of state --- stars: neutron --- pulsars: general, pulsars: PSR J0737 ? 3039A --- pulsars: PSR J1757 ? 1854 --- relativistic heavy-ion collisions --- monte carlo simulations --- transport theory --- strangeness --- neutron stars --- star oscillations --- hadron–quark continuity --- neutron stars --- QCD phase diagram --- neutron stars --- stellar magnetic field --- stellar structure --- stellar evolution --- neutron star --- equation of state --- phase transition --- quark matter --- pulsars --- quark stars --- general relativity --- Gravitational waves --- Gamma-ray bursts --- nuclear matter --- neutron stars --- quarks --- combustion --- neutron star --- QCD matter --- phase transition --- critical point --- neutron stars --- gravitational waves --- equation of state --- chiral symmetry --- axion QED --- quark-hole pairing --- cold-dense QCD --- magnetic DCDW --- quark matter --- hadronic matter --- quark deconfinement --- neutron star matter --- nuclear equation of state --- phase transition --- crystalline structure --- neutrino emissivities --- cluster virial expansion --- quark-hadron matter --- Mott dissociation --- Beth-Uhlenbeck equation of state --- heavy-ion collisions --- supernova explosions --- mass-twin stars --- nuclear symmetry energy --- heavy-ion collisions --- transport theory --- collective flow --- light cluster emission --- meson production --- quark-hadron phase transition --- pasta phases --- speed of sound --- hybrid compact stars --- mass-radius relation --- GW170817
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Various cosmological observations support not only cosmological inflation in the early universe, which is also known as exponential cosmic expansion, but also that the expansion of the late-time universe is accelerating. To explain this phenomenon, the existence of dark energy is proposed. In addition, according to the rotation curve of galaxies, the existence of dark matter, which does not shine, is also suggested. If primordial gravitational waves are detected in the future, the mechanism for realizing inflation can be revealed. Moreover, there exist two main candidates for dark matter. The first is a new particle, the existence of which is predicted in particle physics. The second is an astrophysical object which is not found by electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, there are two representative approaches to account for the accelerated expansion of the current universe. One is to assume the unknown dark energy in general relativity. The other is to extend the gravity theory to large scales. Investigation of the origins of inflation, dark matter, and dark energy is one of the most fundamental problems in modern physics and cosmology. The purpose of this book is to explore the physics and cosmology of inflation, dark matter, and dark energy.
brans-dicke theory --- dark energy model --- cosmological parameters --- Dark Energy --- statistical analysis --- Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) --- Supernovae --- cosmological model --- Hubble constant --- Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature --- n/a --- Dark Energy --- Dark Matter --- memory --- dark matter --- galactic rotation curve --- cosmoligical parameters --- dark energy models --- loop quantum cosmology --- dark energy --- spacetime symmetry --- de Sitter vacuum --- quantum optical systems --- astronomical and space-research instrumentation --- instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy --- normal galaxies, extragalactic objects and systems --- field theory --- comparative planetology --- properties of specific particles --- quantum optics --- fundamental astronomy --- Einstein-Aether theory of gravity --- dosmological parameters --- dark energy models --- cosmology --- particle physics --- cosmo–particle physics --- QCD --- hyper-color --- dark atoms --- composite dark matter --- scalar–tensor gravity --- junction conditions --- null hypersurfaces --- higher dimension gauged super-gravity black hole --- quantum gravity --- quantum tunneling phenomenon --- Hawking radiation --- dynamical Chern–Simons modified gravity --- parametrizations --- cosmological parameters
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