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Various cosmological observations support not only cosmological inflation in the early universe, which is also known as exponential cosmic expansion, but also that the expansion of the late-time universe is accelerating. To explain this phenomenon, the existence of dark energy is proposed. In addition, according to the rotation curve of galaxies, the existence of dark matter, which does not shine, is also suggested. If primordial gravitational waves are detected in the future, the mechanism for realizing inflation can be revealed. Moreover, there exist two main candidates for dark matter. The first is a new particle, the existence of which is predicted in particle physics. The second is an astrophysical object which is not found by electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, there are two representative approaches to account for the accelerated expansion of the current universe. One is to assume the unknown dark energy in general relativity. The other is to extend the gravity theory to large scales. Investigation of the origins of inflation, dark matter, and dark energy is one of the most fundamental problems in modern physics and cosmology. The purpose of this book is to explore the physics and cosmology of inflation, dark matter, and dark energy.

brans-dicke theory --- dark energy model --- cosmological parameters --- Dark Energy --- statistical analysis --- Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) --- Supernovae --- cosmological model --- Hubble constant --- Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature --- n/a --- Dark Energy --- Dark Matter --- memory --- dark matter --- galactic rotation curve --- cosmoligical parameters --- dark energy models --- loop quantum cosmology --- dark energy --- spacetime symmetry --- de Sitter vacuum --- quantum optical systems --- astronomical and space-research instrumentation --- instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy --- normal galaxies, extragalactic objects and systems --- field theory --- comparative planetology --- properties of specific particles --- quantum optics --- fundamental astronomy --- Einstein-Aether theory of gravity --- dosmological parameters --- dark energy models --- cosmology --- particle physics --- cosmo–particle physics --- QCD --- hyper-color --- dark atoms --- composite dark matter --- scalar–tensor gravity --- junction conditions --- null hypersurfaces --- higher dimension gauged super-gravity black hole --- quantum gravity --- quantum tunneling phenomenon --- Hawking radiation --- dynamical Chern–Simons modified gravity --- parametrizations --- cosmological parameters