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The purpose of this Special Issue, “Egg Consumption and Human Health,” is two-fold: 1) to address the lack of effect of eggs in increasing heart disease risk (this discussion will be based on what is known from epidemiological analysis and clinical interventions) and 2) to focus on the role of eggs in protecting against chronic disease. Eggs are more than just a cholesterol-containing food. They possess numerous nutritional benefits. This Special Issue will discuss eggs as a source of high-quality protein for individuals across the life spectrum, as a substantial source of choline (a known neurotransmitter involved in cognitive function), and as a source of highly bioavailable lutein and zeaxanthin (two carotenoids well-recognized for their major role in protecting against age-related macular degeneration and cataracts, as well as for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties). Finally, the potential of incorporating eggs for weight loss interventions, due to their low glycemic index and their satiety effects, will also be discussed.
Eggs --- Dietary cholesterol --- high quality protein --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammatory
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This book illustrates some of the most recent research efforts that have been made in lowering plasma cholesterol levels in patients with CVD. Selected articles aimed to illuminate advances and urgent challenges in the management of CVD, including disease management using statin-combined therapeutic strategies.
anacetrapib --- cholesteryl ester transfer protein --- cardiovascular disease --- apolipoprotein --- diabetes --- vaspin --- acute coronary syndrome --- NSTEMI --- STEMI --- lipoproteins --- atherosclerosis --- cardiovascular risk --- statin --- PCSK9 --- genetic --- nutrigenetics --- sterol --- cholesterol --- low-density lipoprotein cholesterol --- cardiovascular disease --- ABCA1 --- HDL --- miRNA --- circular RNA --- gene expression --- RNA-binding proteins --- reverse cholesterol transport --- cardiovascular diseases --- dyslipidemia --- type 2 diabetes --- PCSK9 --- nonstatin --- PCSK9 --- proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 --- LDL subfractions --- sdLDL --- cardiovascular disease --- risk stratification --- proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) --- small interfering RNA (siRNA) --- inclisiran --- low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) --- cardiovascular disease (CVD) --- cardiovascular risk --- atherosclerosis --- ceramides --- lipids --- lipoproteins --- miRNA --- sphingolipids --- sphingomyelin --- NAFLD --- NASH --- hepatic fibrosis --- hyperlipidemia --- statins --- statins --- coronary artery bypass grafting --- pleiotropic actions --- atrial fibrillation --- stroke --- acute kidney injury
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With cardiometabolic diseases still topping the list of mortality causes and in facing the obesity and diabetes epidemic, there remains a great need to better understand the pathophysiological derangements underlying these conditions. During the past years, it has become increasingly appreciated that low grade systemic inflammation is a common hallmark of cardiometabolic disorders—not only concerning diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but also involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recently developed high-throughput laboratory techniques for lipidomics and metabolomics have enabled researchers to discern novel crosstalk pathways between lipid phenotypes and enhanced chronic inflammation. With this Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, entitled “Novel Aspects of Lipoprotein Metabolism with a Focus on Systemic Inflammation”, researchers were invited to submit original papers and reviews on various topics, in particular, at the interface of lipid metabolism and inflammation.
carbamoylation --- chronic kidney disease --- lipoproteins --- infrared spectroscopy --- Breast cancer --- cholesterol --- 27-hydroxycholesterol --- HDL --- LDL --- cholesterol-lowering therapies --- biomarker --- anti-apolipoprotein A-1 antibodies --- renal transplant recipient --- HDL function --- prognosis --- cholesterol --- acute coronary syndrome --- biomarkers --- anti-apolipoprotein A-I autoantibodies --- GRACE score --- C-statistics --- adipose tissue --- ANGPTL3 --- ANGPTL4 --- ANGPTL8 --- lipid metabolism --- cholesterol efflux capacity --- coronary artery calcium score --- obesity --- anti-apoA-1 IgG --- autoantibodies --- cardiovascular disease --- C-reactive protein --- HDL --- paraoxonase-1 --- cardiovascular disease --- myocardial infarction --- diabetic cardiomyopathy --- cytokines --- interleukin 1? --- inflammation --- CANTOS --- canakinumab --- retinol binding protein 4 --- retinol --- lipoprotein subfractions --- large VLDL --- small LDL --- Type 2 diabetes mellitus --- metabolic syndrome --- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- betaine --- trimethylamine N-oxide related metabolites --- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- anti-apolipoprotein A-1 IgG --- familial hypercholesterolemia --- cholesterol homeostasis --- foam cells --- miR-33a --- TLR2/4 --- passive diffusion --- microvesicles --- inflammation --- lipoproteins --- LDL cholesterol --- microparticles --- cardiovascular disease --- platelets --- endothelial cells --- leukocytes --- atherothrombosis --- HDL --- lipids --- inflammation --- atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) --- cardiovascular events --- GlycA --- non-alcoholic fatty liver --- sodium intake --- insulin resistance --- fatty liver index --- hepatic steatosis index --- HOMA-IR --- gut microbiota --- lipoprotein metabolism --- metabolic disorder --- adiponectin --- free thiols --- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- phospholipid transfer protein activity --- triglycerides --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- large very low density lipoproteins --- ANGPTL8 --- visceral adipose tissue (VAT) --- obesity --- endothelial cells
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Nutrients is planning a Special Issue focusing on beverages and ingestive behavior. This Special Issue will focus on research related to all aspects of beverage consumption and post-ingestive consequences. There continues to be much controversy surrounding the influence of beverage choice on health outcomes. Research investigating the impact of beverage choice has on human health and post-ingestive consequences continue to grow. We know from the growing body of literature that beverage choice has a substantial impact on metabolism, food reinforcement and eating behaviors.
beverages --- sugar sweetened beverages --- overweight --- obesity --- (conjugated) plant sterols --- beverages --- cholesterol-lowering --- ergosterol --- anti-aging --- coronary heart disease --- health claims --- anti-inflammatory --- anti-carcinogenic --- toddlers --- preschoolers --- mothers --- parents --- sugar-sweetened beverages --- Repertory Grid Technique --- Laddering Technique --- qualitative methods --- Australia --- electroencephalography --- non-nutritive sweeteners --- sweet taste --- visual food cues --- food intake --- ad libitum buffet --- parenting practices --- sugar-sweetened beverages --- gain- and loss-framed messages --- self-determination --- planned behavior --- intention --- beverage consumption --- sport --- beverage consumption --- water consumption --- total water intake --- total energy intake --- adults --- Balearic Islands --- sugar-sweetened beverages --- children --- parents --- social cognitive theory --- nutrition education --- health promotion --- cardiovascular-risk-factors --- overweight --- obesity --- fermented-beverage --- lipoprotein-oxidation --- HDL-antioxidant-capacity --- cholesterol-efflux --- endothelial-function --- type 1 diabetes --- beta-casein --- cows’ milk --- epigenetics --- NOD mice --- gastric emptying --- gamma-scintigraphy --- yogurt --- in vitro digestion --- casein --- whey protein --- satiety
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Sterols and other isoprenoids are of great interest for their molecular structure and function in cell architecture and evolution, as well as for their importance in medicine and agriculture. Molecules’ 2019 Festschrift Special Issue in honor of the 65th birthday of Prof. W. David Nes, an internationally recognized chemical biologist and recipient of the George Schroepher medal for sterol research, focuses on recent developments in the chemistry, biosynthesis, and function of these polycyclic natural products. This volume of Molecules contains 16 leading-edge review articles and original research contributions from an international cast of scientists. This volume is grouped into three sections: (i) isoprenoid metabolome and diversity, (ii) clinical evaluation of sterol and triterpene structures and biosynthesis, and (iii) methods and synthesis of steroids and other compounds. The volume will be a valuable reference tool for those who study medicinal chemistry, protein chemistry, and biochemistry of isoprenoid lipids.
Zingiber officinale --- gingerols --- cytotoxic activity --- oleanolic acid --- high-fat high-carbohydrate diet --- pre-diabetes --- glucose homeostasis --- insulin resistance --- atherosclerosis --- ROS --- HUVECs --- LOX-1 --- alkaloid --- granatane --- N-methylcadaverine --- N-methylpiperidine. reductive deamination --- Mucorales --- Rhizopus arrhizus --- sterol pattern --- antifungal effectivity --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- posaconazole --- sterol biosynthesis --- sterol 14?-demethylase --- sterol C24-methyltransferase --- mechanism-based inactivators --- antifungals --- azoles --- antiparasitic drugs --- human African trypanosomiasis --- Chagas disease --- synthesis --- squalene cyclase --- cycloartenol synthase --- triterpene --- fern --- Polystichum --- terpene --- isoprenoid --- divalent metal co-factor ligation --- antioxidant --- cholesterol --- degeneration --- oxysterol --- retina --- Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome --- algal sterols --- ergosterol biosynthesis --- infectious disease --- lipidomics --- oxyphytosterol --- pharmacognosy --- phytosterol --- sterolomics --- lupeol --- keratinocytes --- fibroblasts --- wound healing --- cell migration --- UV-radiation --- ZnO --- toxicity --- sterol content --- cholesterol --- leishmania --- solanaceae --- withanolides --- aurelianolides --- phytosterols --- mesocarp --- oilseed --- maturity --- pod-blast --- ?-tocopherol --- oil bodies --- campesterol --- stigmasterol --- ?-sitosterol --- sterol --- C4-demethylation complex (C4DMC) --- 4-methylsterol --- hormone --- steroid --- development --- genetic disease --- bile alcohol --- cholestanoic acid --- oxysterol --- sterolomics --- enzyme-assisted derivatization --- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry --- Girard reagent --- n/a
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The adipokine adiponectin is very concentrated in plasma, and decreased levels of adiponectin are associated with pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. When produced in its full-length form, adiponectin self-associates to generate multimeric complexes. The full-length form of adiponectin can be cleaved by the globular form of elastase that is produced locally, and the resulting biological effects are exerted in a paracrine or autocrine manner. The different forms of adiponectin bind to specific receptors consisting of two G-protein-independent, seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors, called AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, while T-cadherin has been identified as a potential receptor for high molecular weight complexes of adiponectin. Adiponectin exerts a key role in cellular metabolism, regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. However, its biological effects are heterogeneous, involving multiple target tissues. The Special Issue “Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action” highlights the pleiotropic role of this hormone through 3 research articles and 7 reviews. These papers focus on the recent knowledge regarding adiponectin in different target tissues, both in healthy and in diseased conditions.
adiponectin --- atherosclerosis --- cholesterol efflux --- diabetes --- inflammation --- endometrium --- implantation --- transcriptome --- microarray --- adiponectin --- pig --- fertility --- adipose tissue --- reproductive tract --- adipokines --- cell signaling --- skeletal muscle --- regeneration --- adiponectin isoforms --- exercise --- training --- adiponectin --- AMPK --- BIAcore --- extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) --- matricellular proteins --- neuritogenesis --- NGF? --- PC12 cells --- Secreted protein --- acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) --- adiponectin --- muscle --- myopathies --- adiponectin --- metabolism --- AdipoRon --- lipotoxicity --- adiponectin --- adiponectin inducer --- kojyl cinnamate ester derivative --- adipogenesis --- hair growth-related factor --- human follicular dermal papilla cell --- obesity --- adipokines --- adiponectin --- breast cancer --- ovarian cancer --- endometrial cancer --- cervix cancer --- estrogen receptor --- adiponectin --- obesity --- cancer --- adiponectin --- adipose tissue --- obesity --- endocrine cancer --- n/a
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Biocatalysis, that is, the use of biological catalysts (enzymes, cells, etc.) for the preparation of highly valuable compounds is undergoing a great development, being considered an extremely sustainable approach to undertaking environmental demands. In this scenario, this book illustrates the versatility of applied biocatalysis for the preparation of drugs and other bioactive compounds through the presentation of different research articles and reviews, in which several authors describe the most recent developments in this appealing scientific area. By reading the excellent contributions gathered in this book, it is possible to have an updated idea about new advances and possibilities for a new exciting future.
rutin oligomers --- laccase activity --- aqueous solubility --- antioxidant activity --- xanthine oxidase inhibition --- MALDI-TOF --- HPSEC --- glycosyltransferase --- glycodiverfication --- sulfuretin --- OcUGT1 --- amine transaminases --- asymmetric synthesis --- benzoxathiepins --- biocatalysis --- biotransamination --- stereoselective synthesis --- esterase --- stereoselective --- ester hydrolysis --- antimuscarinic agents --- pig liver esterase (PLE) --- microalgae --- Spirulina --- Alcalase® --- amino acid --- extraction --- nutraceutical --- cholesterol --- coprostanol --- reduction reaction --- bacteria --- metabolic pathways --- biocatalysis --- biotransformations --- statins --- pleiotropic effects --- photooxidation --- cascade --- alcohol --- reductive amination --- ?-transaminase --- lyases --- chondroitin sulfates --- glycosaminoglycan --- polysaccharides --- Ribavirin --- Tecadenoson --- Cladribine --- purine nucleoside phosphorylase --- transglycosylation reaction --- 7-methylguanosine iodide --- 7-methyl-2?-deoxyguanosine iodide --- 7-methylguanine arabinoside iodide --- biocatalysis --- glycosidases --- chitinases --- chitosanases --- chitosan oligosaccharides --- deacetylation degree --- anti-inflammatory --- n/a
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In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the publication of papers on the chemistry, biology, and potential clinical uses of marine glycosides. Indeed, more than half of the papers published in this field are less than a decade old. Glycosides have been isolated from species as diverse as algae, fungi, anthozoans, and echinoderms. Even fish of the genus Pardachirus produce glycosides, which they use as shark repellents.
sponge --- saponins --- deep-sea --- Poecillastra compressa --- Neothyonidium magnum --- triterpene glycosides --- magnumosides --- sea cucumber --- cytotoxic activity --- radioactive irradiation --- sea cucumber --- Eupentacta fraudatrix --- triterpene glycoside --- liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry --- metabolite profiling --- holostane --- nonholostane --- cucumarioside --- cytotoxic --- antifungal --- glycosides --- Conus pulicarius --- steroidal glycoside --- cholesterol sulfate --- cytotoxicity --- leukemia --- cancer --- frondoside A --- tumor growth --- metastases --- apoptosis --- invasion --- angiogenesis --- Culcita novaeguineae --- starfish --- polyhydroxysteroidal glycoside --- cytotoxicity --- mangrove-derived Streptomyces --- angucycline --- urdamycin --- marine organisms --- carbohydrate --- glycoside --- antioxidant --- anticoagulant --- anti-inflammatory --- antitumor --- antimicrobial --- glycolipids --- glycosphingolipids --- glycoglycerolipids --- natural products --- total synthesis --- triterpene glycosides --- saponin --- sea cucumber --- mass spectrometry --- MALDI --- ESI --- LC-MS --- Holothuroidea --- marine ginseng --- structure elucidation --- marine invertebrate --- natural products --- bioactive compounds --- antifungal --- antibacterial --- antioxidant --- Streptomyces --- angucycline glycosides --- saquayamycin --- cytotoxicity --- apoptosis --- SMMC-7721
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The impact of fat intake on hypercholesterolemia and related atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases has been studied for decades. However, the current evidence base suggests that fatty acids also influences cardiometabolic diseases through other mechanisms including effects on glucose metabolism, body fat distribution, blood pressure, inflammation, and heart rate. Furthermore, studies evaluating single fatty acids have challenged the simplistic view of shared health effects within fatty acid groups categorized by degree of saturation. In addition, investigations of endogenous fatty acid metabolism, including genetic studies of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, and the identification of novel metabolically derived fatty acids have further increased the complexity of fatty acids’ health impacts. This Special Issue aims to include original research and up-to-date reviews on genetic and dietary modulation of fatty acids, and the role and function of dietary and metabolically derived fatty acids in cardiometabolic health.
omega-3 --- cardiovascular disease --- statins --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- medium-chain triglyceride --- long-chain triglyceride --- lipid metabolism --- klotho --- CKD --- fish oil --- fibrosis --- inflammation --- cardiometabolic disease --- unsaturated fat --- Mediterranean diet --- low-fat diet --- alternatively activated macrophages --- perivascular adipose tissue --- type 2 cytokines --- erucic acid --- fish --- seafood --- furan fatty acids --- docosapentaenoic acid --- conjugated fatty acids --- cardiovascular disease --- metabolic disease --- blood lipids --- inflammation --- antioxidant --- CYP450 eicosanoids --- omega-3 PUFA --- omega-6 PUFA --- blood pressure --- hemodynamics --- children --- EETs --- EEQs --- fatty acid --- diet --- genotype --- human --- FADS --- fatty acid --- desaturase --- Genome-wide association study (GWAS) --- Insulin sensitivity --- adipose tissue --- cholesterol ester --- omega 3 --- PUFA --- n-3 PUFA --- COPD --- inflammation --- coronary artery disease --- ischemic heart disease --- CAD --- CHD --- fat --- obesity --- body weight --- cohort study --- substitution models --- epidemiology --- prospective cohort study --- n-6 fatty acids --- n-3 fatty acids --- linoleic acid --- arachidonic acid
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Obesity and related co-morbidities are increasing worldwide and pose a serious health problem. Changes in lifestyle and diet would be the best remedies to fight obesity; however, many people will still rely on medical aid. Marine organisms have been prolific in the production of bioactive compounds for many diseases, e.g., cancer, and promise to be an excellent source for natural-derived molecules and novel nutraceuticals. Bioactive compounds with beneficial activities towards obesity have been described from diverse marine organism including marine algae, bacteria, sponges, fungi, crustaceans or fish. This Special Issue will highlight the progress in the following topics: Bioactive compounds for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities (diabetes, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia) from marine organisms; the isolation of novel compounds, the bioactivity screening of marine organisms and the elucidation of molecular mode of action of marine bioactive compounds.
3T3-L1 cells --- fucan --- lipolytic --- obesity --- brown seaweed --- chitosan oligosaccharide --- obesity --- leptin --- JAK2-STAT3 --- adipogenesis --- collagen peptide --- skate skin --- high fat diet --- fatty acid metabolism --- cholesterol metabolism --- chitosan oligosaccharide --- glucolipid metabolism disorder --- high-fat diet --- inflammation --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma --- cellularity --- adipocyte --- obesity --- nutrition --- fat --- proliferation --- white adipose tissue --- adipogenesis --- antiobesity --- adipocytes --- diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) --- Skate skin --- Raja kenojei --- collagen --- body fat --- obesity --- Ishige okamurae --- marine alga --- obesity --- diabetes --- nutraceuticals --- zebrafish Nile red fat metabolism assay --- anti-obesity drugs --- chlorophyll derivatives --- murine pre-adipocytes --- PPAR? --- Arthrospira maxima --- dyslipidemia --- physical exercise --- obesity --- double-blind --- randomized controlled trial --- anti-obesity drugs --- metabolite profiling --- zebrafish Nile red fat metabolism assay --- uncoupling protein 1 --- bioactivity screening --- diabetes --- fatty liver disease --- cyanobacteria --- thermal proteome profiling --- mechanisms of action --- bioactive compound --- label-free quantitative proteomics --- marine biodiscovery --- marine sponges --- natural compounds --- bisabolane-related compounds --- bioactivity --- obesity --- whole small animal models
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