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This book illustrates some of the most recent research efforts that have been made in lowering plasma cholesterol levels in patients with CVD. Selected articles aimed to illuminate advances and urgent challenges in the management of CVD, including disease management using statin-combined therapeutic strategies.

anacetrapib --- cholesteryl ester transfer protein --- cardiovascular disease --- apolipoprotein --- diabetes --- vaspin --- acute coronary syndrome --- NSTEMI --- STEMI --- lipoproteins --- atherosclerosis --- cardiovascular risk --- statin --- PCSK9 --- genetic --- nutrigenetics --- sterol --- cholesterol --- low-density lipoprotein cholesterol --- cardiovascular disease --- ABCA1 --- HDL --- miRNA --- circular RNA --- gene expression --- RNA-binding proteins --- reverse cholesterol transport --- cardiovascular diseases --- dyslipidemia --- type 2 diabetes --- PCSK9 --- nonstatin --- PCSK9 --- proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 --- LDL subfractions --- sdLDL --- cardiovascular disease --- risk stratification --- proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) --- small interfering RNA (siRNA) --- inclisiran --- low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) --- cardiovascular disease (CVD) --- cardiovascular risk --- atherosclerosis --- ceramides --- lipids --- lipoproteins --- miRNA --- sphingolipids --- sphingomyelin --- NAFLD --- NASH --- hepatic fibrosis --- hyperlipidemia --- statins --- statins --- coronary artery bypass grafting --- pleiotropic actions --- atrial fibrillation --- stroke --- acute kidney injury

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Sterols and other isoprenoids are of great interest for their molecular structure and function in cell architecture and evolution, as well as for their importance in medicine and agriculture. Molecules’ 2019 Festschrift Special Issue in honor of the 65th birthday of Prof. W. David Nes, an internationally recognized chemical biologist and recipient of the George Schroepher medal for sterol research, focuses on recent developments in the chemistry, biosynthesis, and function of these polycyclic natural products. This volume of Molecules contains 16 leading-edge review articles and original research contributions from an international cast of scientists. This volume is grouped into three sections: (i) isoprenoid metabolome and diversity, (ii) clinical evaluation of sterol and triterpene structures and biosynthesis, and (iii) methods and synthesis of steroids and other compounds. The volume will be a valuable reference tool for those who study medicinal chemistry, protein chemistry, and biochemistry of isoprenoid lipids.

Zingiber officinale --- gingerols --- cytotoxic activity --- oleanolic acid --- high-fat high-carbohydrate diet --- pre-diabetes --- glucose homeostasis --- insulin resistance --- atherosclerosis --- ROS --- HUVECs --- LOX-1 --- alkaloid --- granatane --- N-methylcadaverine --- N-methylpiperidine. reductive deamination --- Mucorales --- Rhizopus arrhizus --- sterol pattern --- antifungal effectivity --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- posaconazole --- sterol biosynthesis --- sterol 14?-demethylase --- sterol C24-methyltransferase --- mechanism-based inactivators --- antifungals --- azoles --- antiparasitic drugs --- human African trypanosomiasis --- Chagas disease --- synthesis --- squalene cyclase --- cycloartenol synthase --- triterpene --- fern --- Polystichum --- terpene --- isoprenoid --- divalent metal co-factor ligation --- antioxidant --- cholesterol --- degeneration --- oxysterol --- retina --- Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome --- algal sterols --- ergosterol biosynthesis --- infectious disease --- lipidomics --- oxyphytosterol --- pharmacognosy --- phytosterol --- sterolomics --- lupeol --- keratinocytes --- fibroblasts --- wound healing --- cell migration --- UV-radiation --- ZnO --- toxicity --- sterol content --- cholesterol --- leishmania --- solanaceae --- withanolides --- aurelianolides --- phytosterols --- mesocarp --- oilseed --- maturity --- pod-blast --- ?-tocopherol --- oil bodies --- campesterol --- stigmasterol --- ?-sitosterol --- sterol --- C4-demethylation complex (C4DMC) --- 4-methylsterol --- hormone --- steroid --- development --- genetic disease --- bile alcohol --- cholestanoic acid --- oxysterol --- sterolomics --- enzyme-assisted derivatization --- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry --- Girard reagent --- n/a

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Biocatalysis, that is, the use of biological catalysts (enzymes, cells, etc.) for the preparation of highly valuable compounds is undergoing a great development, being considered an extremely sustainable approach to undertaking environmental demands. In this scenario, this book illustrates the versatility of applied biocatalysis for the preparation of drugs and other bioactive compounds through the presentation of different research articles and reviews, in which several authors describe the most recent developments in this appealing scientific area. By reading the excellent contributions gathered in this book, it is possible to have an updated idea about new advances and possibilities for a new exciting future.

rutin oligomers --- laccase activity --- aqueous solubility --- antioxidant activity --- xanthine oxidase inhibition --- MALDI-TOF --- HPSEC --- glycosyltransferase --- glycodiverfication --- sulfuretin --- OcUGT1 --- amine transaminases --- asymmetric synthesis --- benzoxathiepins --- biocatalysis --- biotransamination --- stereoselective synthesis --- esterase --- stereoselective --- ester hydrolysis --- antimuscarinic agents --- pig liver esterase (PLE) --- microalgae --- Spirulina --- Alcalase® --- amino acid --- extraction --- nutraceutical --- cholesterol --- coprostanol --- reduction reaction --- bacteria --- metabolic pathways --- biocatalysis --- biotransformations --- statins --- pleiotropic effects --- photooxidation --- cascade --- alcohol --- reductive amination --- ?-transaminase --- lyases --- chondroitin sulfates --- glycosaminoglycan --- polysaccharides --- Ribavirin --- Tecadenoson --- Cladribine --- purine nucleoside phosphorylase --- transglycosylation reaction --- 7-methylguanosine iodide --- 7-methyl-2?-deoxyguanosine iodide --- 7-methylguanine arabinoside iodide --- biocatalysis --- glycosidases --- chitinases --- chitosanases --- chitosan oligosaccharides --- deacetylation degree --- anti-inflammatory --- n/a

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The impact of fat intake on hypercholesterolemia and related atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases has been studied for decades. However, the current evidence base suggests that fatty acids also influences cardiometabolic diseases through other mechanisms including effects on glucose metabolism, body fat distribution, blood pressure, inflammation, and heart rate. Furthermore, studies evaluating single fatty acids have challenged the simplistic view of shared health effects within fatty acid groups categorized by degree of saturation. In addition, investigations of endogenous fatty acid metabolism, including genetic studies of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, and the identification of novel metabolically derived fatty acids have further increased the complexity of fatty acids’ health impacts. This Special Issue aims to include original research and up-to-date reviews on genetic and dietary modulation of fatty acids, and the role and function of dietary and metabolically derived fatty acids in cardiometabolic health.

omega-3 --- cardiovascular disease --- statins --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- medium-chain triglyceride --- long-chain triglyceride --- lipid metabolism --- klotho --- CKD --- fish oil --- fibrosis --- inflammation --- cardiometabolic disease --- unsaturated fat --- Mediterranean diet --- low-fat diet --- alternatively activated macrophages --- perivascular adipose tissue --- type 2 cytokines --- erucic acid --- fish --- seafood --- furan fatty acids --- docosapentaenoic acid --- conjugated fatty acids --- cardiovascular disease --- metabolic disease --- blood lipids --- inflammation --- antioxidant --- CYP450 eicosanoids --- omega-3 PUFA --- omega-6 PUFA --- blood pressure --- hemodynamics --- children --- EETs --- EEQs --- fatty acid --- diet --- genotype --- human --- FADS --- fatty acid --- desaturase --- Genome-wide association study (GWAS) --- Insulin sensitivity --- adipose tissue --- cholesterol ester --- omega 3 --- PUFA --- n-3 PUFA --- COPD --- inflammation --- coronary artery disease --- ischemic heart disease --- CAD --- CHD --- fat --- obesity --- body weight --- cohort study --- substitution models --- epidemiology --- prospective cohort study --- n-6 fatty acids --- n-3 fatty acids --- linoleic acid --- arachidonic acid

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In recent years, diet- and lifestyle-related disorders have become a major health threat in Europe and worldwide. The contributions in this monograph include 2 review articles and 19 original contributions from several countries that provide new information on the existing research elucidating important aspects of children’s and adolescents’ nutrition and lifestyle behavior. The data included in this Special Issue are from large epidemiological studies, including several multicenter and multinational studies, as well as datasets from surveillance initiatives. The topics of interest of this Special Issue include the co-occurrence of multiple health behaviors in children, the role of parenting and early feeding practices, dairy consumption in childhood, validity of dietary intake data, dietary supplement use in children, as well as socioeconomic disparities and eating culture. The diverse articles in this Special Issue highlight the complexity and extent to which nutrition and physical activity behaviors may influence different health aspects of children and adolescents. As seen by the various findings and recommendations, not only is more work in this area required but the translation of this work to practice and policy is imperative if we are to address the challenges impacting the nutrition, physical activity, and health of young populations.

diet --- inflammation --- children’s-dietary inflammatory index --- body composition --- primary school --- dietary pattern --- principal component analysis --- reduced rank regression --- prevention --- validation study --- dietary assessment methods --- food diary --- cross-classification --- children --- whole diet --- preschool --- DAGIS Study --- diet quality --- PANDiet index --- early childhood --- nutritional adequacy --- nutrient intake quality --- growing up milk --- eating behaviour --- psychological eating style --- negative emotions --- Emotion-Induced Eating Scale --- health behaviour --- BMI --- home food environment --- Healthy Eating Index --- dietary quality --- validation --- psychometric --- consumption behavior --- knowledge --- Melanesian --- Pacific --- physical activity --- sugar-sweetened beverage --- noncommunicable diseases --- weight status --- self-weight perception --- cluster analysis --- energy balance-related behaviors --- physical activity --- sedentary behavior --- screen time --- dietary intake --- overweight --- obesity --- children --- family meals --- food parenting practices --- preschoolers --- nutrition risk --- direct observation --- adolescents --- children --- determinants --- dietary supplements --- food choice --- intervention --- nutrition --- preschool --- child --- parent --- dairy --- calcium --- migration status --- dietary habits --- food frequency questionnaire --- socioeconomic disparities --- adolescents --- pediatric --- overweight --- epidemiological transition --- collaboration --- childhood obesity --- CEBQ --- eating behavior and Ile251Leu --- breakfast --- obesity --- cardiovascular --- health --- BMI --- waist circumference --- cholesterol --- blood pressure --- MyHeARTs --- breastfeeding --- formula milk --- taste preference --- healthy diet adherence --- children --- IDEFICS study --- I.Family --- screen time --- physical activity --- preschool children --- food and beverage consumption --- Physical activity --- exercise --- food intake --- diet --- children --- adolescents --- KiGGS --- children --- mothers --- vegetable intake --- consumption behaviors --- choice --- preferences --- vitamin --- mineral --- dietary supplements --- adolescents --- EsKiMo --- dietary screener --- obesity prevention --- sweet preference --- children --- diet quality --- dietary behavior --- physical activity --- young populations --- surveillance --- epidemiology --- public health