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El presente libro es una obra que conjuga varios aspectos de la historia de los pueblos indígenas en América Latina, en conexión y divergencia, a la vez, con actores como los estados nacionales y las sociedades criollas hegemónicas. Proponemos como propulsor de este trabajo, el anhelo de poner "en la mesa" la historia de pueblos, comunidades, organizaciones y discursos indígenas, que son fraguados al calor de luchas "externas", así como la configuración de nuevos grupos sociales, en perspectiva de clase, emblemas, ritos, tradiciones y semânticas urbanas con las cuales se encontraron los indígenas de este vasto territorio, una vez iniciado el proceso diásporo-migratorio de inserción forzada e ignominiosa en complejos urbanos, occidentales y eurocéntricos.

history --- Latin America --- indigenous peoples --- historical demands --- ethnic and cultural rights --- recognition as nation

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Cultural expertise in the form of expert opinions formulated by social scientists appointed as experts in the legal process is not different from any other kind of expertise in court. In specialised fields of law, such as native land titles in America and in Australia, the appointment of social scientists as experts in court is a consolidated practice. This Special Issue focuses on the contemporary evolution and variation of cultural expertise as an emergent concept providing a conceptual umbrella for a variety of evolving practices, which all include use of the specialised knowledge of social sciences for the resolution of conflicts. It surveys the application of cultural expertise in the legal process with an unprecedented span of fields ranging from criminology and ethnopsychiatry to the recognition of the rights of autochthone minorities including linguistic expertise, and modern reformulation of cultural rights. In this Special Issue, the emphasis is on the development and change of culture-related expert witnessing over recent times, culture-related adjudication, and resolution of disputes, criminal litigation, and other kinds of court and out-of-court procedures. This Special Issue offers descriptions of judicial practices involving experts in local laws and customs and surveys of the most frequent fields of expert witnessing that are related with culture; interrogates who the experts are, their links with local communities, and also with the courts and the state power and politics; how cultural expert witnessing has been received by judges; how cultural expertise has developed across the sister disciplines of history and psychiatry; and eventually, it asks whether academic truth and legal truth are commensurable across time and space.

cultural expertise --- expert testimony --- applied anthropology --- controlled substances --- peyote --- entheogens --- strategic litigation --- indigenous rights --- law and culture --- criminal anthropology --- psychiatric evaluation --- cultural expertise --- Italian criminal justice system --- legal anthropology --- multiculturalism --- cultural expertise --- cultural test --- cultural rights --- culture --- migration --- judiciary --- Bondo --- FGM/C --- National Strategy --- cultural expertise --- human rights --- experts --- cultural experts --- court cases --- Sweden --- Sami --- Roma --- immigrants --- socio-legal studies --- anthropology of law --- law and society --- multicultural societies --- cross-cultural dispute resolution --- cultural expertise --- cultural defense --- cultural test --- Sweden --- Italy --- Sami --- First Nations