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Water acquisition, storage, allocation and distribution are intensely contested in our society, whether, for instance, such issues pertain to a conflict between upstream and downstream farmers located on a small stream or to a large dam located on the border of two nations. Water conflicts are mostly studied as disputes around access to water resources or the formulation of water laws and governance rules. However, explicitly or not, water conflicts nearly always also involve disputes among different philosophical views. The contributions to this edited volume have looked at the politics of contested knowledge as manifested in the conceptualisation, design, development, implementation and governance of large dams and mega-hydraulic infrastructure projects in various parts of the world. The special issue has explored the following core questions: Which philosophies and claims on mega-hydraulic projects are encountered, and how are they shaped, validated, negotiated and contested in concrete contexts? Whose knowledge counts and whose knowledge is downplayed in water development conflict situations, and how have different epistemic communities and cultural-political identities shaped practices of design, planning and construction of dams and mega-hydraulic projects? The contributions have also scrutinised how these epistemic communities interactively shape norms, rules, beliefs and values about water problems and solutions, including notions of justice, citizenship and progress that are subsequently to become embedded in material artefacts.

hydroelectric development --- hydropower --- dam --- indigenous peoples --- first nations --- Canada --- Site C --- British Columbia --- environmental impacts --- socio-economic impacts --- hydropower --- Mekong River Basin --- political ecology --- STS --- public knowledge controversies --- large dams --- dam safety --- hazard risk --- environmental governance --- uncertainty --- knowledge politics --- marginalization --- political ecology --- Himalayas --- India --- hydropower development --- politicized collective identity --- territory --- collective action --- agonistic unity --- vernacular statecraft --- Dzumsa --- North Sikkim --- hydrosocial territory --- knowledge encounters --- hydraulic utopia --- modernity --- commensuration --- anti-dam movement --- Málaga --- Spain --- hiding hand --- A.O. Hirschman --- irrigation --- hydraulic projects --- San Lorenzo irrigation project --- Chixoy irrigation project --- Peru --- Guatemala --- megadams --- social construction of technology --- politics of the governed --- anti-dam resistance movements --- technological design --- contested knowledge --- Ecuador --- expectations --- hydroelectric megaprojects --- socio-technical imaginaries --- Ecuador --- energy policy --- large dams --- socioenvironmental impacts --- compensation measures --- knowledge systems --- commensuration --- negotiation --- territorial control --- Bolivia --- Jacques Lacan --- psychoanalysis --- fantasy --- mega-dam --- Inga --- DR Congo --- hydropolitics --- mega-hydraulic projects --- modernist traditions --- knowledge arenas --- manufactured ignorance --- depoliticization --- UnGovernance --- dehumanizing rationality --- multi-actor multi-scalar alliances --- co-creation --- power --- n/a

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This open access book presents a series of complicated hydraulic phenomena and related mechanism of high-speed flows in head-head dam. According to the basic hydraulic theory, detailed experiments and numerical simulations, microscopic scale analysis on cavitation bubbles, air bubbles, turbulent eddy vortices and sand grains are examined systemically. These investigations on microscopic fluid mechanics, including cavitation erosion, aeration protection, air–water flow, energy dissipation and river-bed scouring, allow a deep understanding of hydraulics in high-head dams. This book provides reference for designers and researchers in hydraulic engineering, environment engineering and fluid mechanics.

Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics --- Civil Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Hydraulic Engineering --- Hydraulics --- High-head Dam --- Cavitation Erosion --- Aeration Protection --- Air-water Flow --- Energy Dissipation --- Scouring --- Sediment Transport --- Open Access --- Meteorology & climatology --- Geochemistry --- Civil engineering, surveying & building

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This book offers a collection of 17 scientific papers about the computational modeling of fracture. Some of the manuscripts propose new computational methods and/or how to improve existing cutting edge methods for fracture. These contributions can be classified into two categories: 1. Methods which treat the crack as strong discontinuity such as peridynamics, scaled boundary elements or specific versions of the smoothed finite element methods applied to fracture and 2. Continuous approaches to fracture based on, for instance, phase field models or continuum damage mechanics. On the other hand, the book also offers a wide range of applications where state-of-the-art techniques are employed to solve challenging engineering problems such as fractures in rock, glass, concrete. Also, larger systems such as fracture in subway stations due to fire, arch dams, or concrete decks are studied.

plate --- FSDT --- HSDT --- Mindlin --- incompatible approximation --- fracture --- screened-Poisson model --- gradient-enhanced model --- damage-plasticity model --- implicit gradient-enhancement --- rock --- shear failure --- elastoplastic behavior --- extended scaled boundary finite element method (X-SBFEM) --- stress intensity factors --- fracture process zone (FPZ) --- thermomechanical analysis --- moderate fire --- finite element simulations --- metallic glass matrix composite --- finite element analysis --- shear band --- microstructure --- ductility --- peridynamics --- fatigue --- rolling contact --- damage --- rail squats --- cracks --- steel reinforced concrete frame --- reinforced concrete core tube --- progressive collapse analysis --- loss of key components --- self-healing --- damage-healing mechanics --- super healing --- anisotropic --- brittle material --- Brittle Fracture --- cell-based smoothed-finite element method (CS-FEM) --- Phase-field model --- ABAQUS UEL --- the Xulong arch dam --- yielding region --- cracking risk --- overall stability --- dam stress zones --- concrete creep --- prestressing stress --- compressive stress --- FE analysis --- force transfer --- grouting --- fracture network modeling --- numerical simulation --- fluid–structure interaction --- bulk damage --- brittle fracture --- rock fracture --- random fracture --- Mohr-Coulomb --- Discontinuous Galerkin --- EPB shield machine --- conditioned sandy pebble --- particle element model --- parameters calibration --- geometric phase --- photonic orbital angular momentum --- topological insulator --- topological photonic crystal --- fatigue crack growth --- surface crack --- crack shape change --- three-parameter model --- LEFM --- XFEM/GFEM --- SBFEM --- phase field --- n/a

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Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has become a global paradigm for the governance of surface, coastal and groundwaters. This Special Issue contains twelve articles related to the transfer of IWRM policy principles. The articles explore three dimensions of transfer—causes, processes, outcomes—and offer a theoretically inspiring, methodologically rich and geographically diverse engagement with IWRM policy transfer around the globe. As such, they can also productively inform a future research agenda on the ‘dimensional’ aspects of IWRM governance. Regarding the causes, the contributions apply, criticise, extend or revise existing approaches to policy transfer in a water governance context, asking why countries adopt IWRM principles and what mechanisms are in place to understand the adoption of these principles in regional or national contexts. When it comes to processes, articles in this Special Issue unpack the process of policy transfer and implementation and explore how IWRM principles travel across borders, levels and scales. Finally, this set of papers looks into the outcomes of IWRM policy transfer and asks what impact IWRM principles, once implemented, gave on domestic water governance, water quality and water supply, and how effective IWRM is at addressing critical water issues in specific countries.

dam --- local communities --- lived experiences --- environmental narratives --- Cambodia --- transitions --- water management regimes --- water resource management --- niches --- visions --- agency --- ocean governance --- fisheries management --- ecosystem-based management --- overfishing --- sustainable fishing --- European Union --- Turkey --- Europeanisation --- institutions --- policy transfer --- Water Framework Directive --- drinking water --- agriculture --- EU policy --- governance --- integrated scientific support --- water quality --- nitrates --- pesticides --- environmental policy --- policy coherence --- environmental governance --- integrated catchment management --- catchment --- conservation authorities --- governance --- governmentality --- integrated water resources management (IWRM) --- watershed councils --- Ontario --- Oregon --- Integrated Water Resources Management --- Integrated Urban Water Management --- urban water security --- governance --- Singapore --- Hong Kong --- process tracing --- Water Framework Directive --- policy implementation --- integrated water resources management --- river basin planning --- public participation --- water governance --- scale --- top-down and bottom-up --- estuaries --- governance --- sustainability --- governance models --- integrated water resources management --- IWRM --- Water Framework Directive --- WFD --- participation --- United Kingdom --- England --- water governance --- IWRM --- integrated water resources management --- drivers --- EU water framework directive --- implementation --- coordination --- participation --- Germany --- water governance --- polycentricity --- integrated water resources management --- IWRM --- policy transfer --- water governance --- Water Framework Directive --- learning

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During the last several decades, Earth´s climate has undergone significant changes due to anthropogenic global warming, and feedbacks to the water cycle. Therefore, persistent efforts are required to improve our understanding of hydrological processes and to engage in efficient water management strategies that explicitly consider changing environmental conditions. The twenty-four contributions in this book have broadly addressed topics across four major research areas: (1) Climate and land-use change impacts on hydrological processes, (2) hydrological trends and causality analysis faced in hydrology, (3) hydrological model simulations and predictions, and (4) reviews on water prices and climate extremes. The broad spectrum of international contributions to the Special Issue indicates that climate change impacts on water resources analysis attracts global attention. We hope that the collection of articles presented here can provide scientists, policymakers and stakeholders alike with insights that support sustainable decision-making in the face of climate change and increasingly scarce environmental resources.

hydrological drought --- Three Gorges Dam --- GRACE --- compound extremes --- climate change --- multivariate distribution --- quantile regression --- indicator --- PUB --- rainfall-runoff experiments --- distributed hydrological model --- Hydro-Informatic Modelling System (HIMS) --- freshwater availability --- runoff --- simulated rainfall --- plot scale --- litter layer --- topsoil --- karst --- Yellow River Delta --- estuarine wetlands --- spatiotemporal change analysis --- remote sensing --- intra-annual climate change --- variation in percentage of flood-season precipitation --- natural streamflow variation --- contribution and sensitivity analysis --- Yellow River --- highland agricultural field area --- diffuse pollutant discharge --- multiple regression model --- climate change --- jackknife validation --- water security --- water pricing --- sustainable water management --- trends and patterns --- economics --- precipitation --- air temperature --- river discharge --- Mann-Kendall test --- Selenga river basin --- Lake Baikal basin --- Mongolia --- snowfall to precipitation ratio --- WRF model --- arid region --- Xinjiang --- water resources management --- climate change --- LULCC --- Budyko equation --- streamflow --- drought --- climate variability --- land surface change --- runoff --- Budyko framework --- elasticity coefficient --- Weihe River Basin --- flood --- streamflow --- CMIP5 --- climate change --- HEC-RAS --- trend analysis --- precipitation --- temperature --- eco-region --- Ethiopia --- Three Gorges Project --- dam --- runoff changes --- flood control --- Yangtze River --- benefits --- evapotranspiration --- Pan evaporation --- TFPW-MK --- Haihe River Basin --- hydrological simulation --- quantitative analysis --- SWAT model --- land use/cover change --- climate change --- scenario simulation --- Climate variability --- Large-scale climate indices --- Reservoir inflow forecasting --- Ensemble empirical mode decomposition --- Time series model --- Artificial intelligence model --- grid-based --- HRU-based --- SHM --- SWAT --- large scale basin --- climate change --- human activities --- power operations --- cascade joint operation chart --- inter-basin water transfer project --- climate change --- MATOPIBA agricultural frontier --- water security --- hydroclimatic analysis --- water conflicts --- average annual runoff --- runoff map --- hydrological model --- GIS --- DPR Korea --- streamflow reduction --- climate change --- coal mining --- SWCM --- coal mining concentrated watershed --- the Loess Plateau --- hydrology --- land cover --- land use and climate change --- water resources management --- macro scale modeling --- climate variability --- climate change --- land use change --- hydrological processes --- trends --- water management --- model --- predictions