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Bioluminescence tomography is a recent biomedical imaging technique which allows to study molecular and cellular activities in vivo. From a mathematical point of view, it is an ill-posed inverse source problem: the location and the intensity of a photon source inside an organism have to be determined, given the photon count on the organism's surface. To face the ill-posedness of this problem, a geometric regularization approach is introduced, analyzed and numerically verified in this book.

bioluminescence tomography, inverse source problem, Tikhonov like regularization, domain derivative, shape optimization

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Functional advanced biopolymers have received far less attention than renewable biomass (cellulose, rubber, etc.) used for energy production. Among the most advanced biopolymers known is chitosan. The term chitosan refers to a family of polysaccharides obtained by partial de-N-acetylation from chitin, one of the most abundant renewable resources in the biosphere. Chitosan has been firmly established as having unique material properties as well as biological activities. Either in its native form or as a chemical derivative, chitosan is amenable to being processed—typically under mild conditions—into soft materials such as hydrogels, colloidal nanoparticles, or nanofibers. Given its multiple biological properties, including biodegradability, antimicrobial effects, gene transfectability, and metal adsorption—to name but a few—chitosan is regarded as a widely versatile building block in various sectors (e.g., agriculture, food, cosmetics, pharmacy) and for various applications (medical devices, metal adsorption, catalysis, etc.). This Special Issue presents an updated account addressing some of the major applications, including also chemical and enzymatic modifications of oligos and polymers. A better understanding of the properties that underpin the use of chitin and chitosan in different fields is key for boosting their more extensive industrial utilization, as well as to aid regulatory agencies in establishing specifications, guidelines, and standards for the different types of products and applications.

aerogels --- chitosan --- ionic liquids --- ionogels --- zinc–chitosan complexes --- characterization --- bio-sorbent --- phosphate --- adsorption --- mechanism --- thermodynamic --- chitosan --- hydrogel --- phase transition --- gelation mechanism --- chitosan --- defense responses --- fruits --- nanoparticles --- plant growth --- pesticides --- Boron --- chitosan --- iron(III) hydroxide --- neodymium --- sorption --- chitin --- chitosan --- chitosan derivative --- chitin derivative --- oral care --- skin care --- hear care --- marine resources --- over-the counter-drug --- polymer carrier --- chitin --- chitosan --- nanostructured biomaterial --- polymer --- self-masking nanosphere lithography --- cicada --- chitosan --- self-assembled --- polyelectrolyte complex --- nanoparticle --- drug delivery --- Citrobacter --- biosynthesis --- bioflocculant --- chitosan --- metabolic pathway --- PEO/chitosan blend --- swelling --- mechanical properties --- wet and dried states --- chitosan --- biological activity --- medical applications --- chitosan --- PCL --- strontium --- scaffolds --- craniofacial engineering --- chitin --- chitosan --- derivatization --- controlled functionalization --- click chemistry --- graft copolymer --- cyclodextrin --- dendrimer --- ionic liquids --- chitin deacetylases --- chitosan --- chitooligosaccharides --- carbohydrate esterases --- structure --- substrate specificity --- deacetylation pattern --- binary --- chitosan --- desorption --- iron --- lead --- mercury --- salt effects --- single --- sorption competition --- chitosan supported copper --- heterogeneous catalyst --- organosilicon compound --- easily recyclable --- chitosan --- papermaking --- wet-end --- coating --- wastewater --- ionic cross-linking --- eco-friendly formulations --- thermal transition sol-gel --- drug delivery systems --- MTDSC --- DSC --- gene delivery --- non-viral vectors --- chitosan structure --- pDNA --- siRNA --- TEOS --- methylene blue --- chitosan --- modelling --- cross-linking --- interpenetrating --- XRD --- FTIR

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This Special Issue contains a series of excellent research works on telecommunications and signal processing, selected from the 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) which was held on July 4–6, 2018, in Athens, Greece. The conference was organized in cooperation with the IEEE Region 8 (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), IEEE Greece Section, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section, and IEEE Czechoslovakia Section SP/CAS/COM Joint Chapter by seventeen universities from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Turkey, Taiwan, Japan, Slovak Republic, Spain, Bulgaria, France, Slovenia, Croatia, and Poland, for academics, researchers, and developers, and serves as a premier international forum for the annual exchange and promotion of the latest advances in telecommunication technology and signal processing. The aim of the conference is to bring together both novice and experienced scientists, developers, and specialists, to meet new colleagues, collect new ideas, and establish new cooperation between research groups from universities, research centers, and private sectors worldwide. This collection of 10 papers is highly recommended for researchers, and believed to be interesting, inspiring, and motivating for readers in their further research.

activation process --- EPON --- GPON --- MATLAB --- NG-PON2 --- timing --- transmission convergence layer --- XG-PON --- authentication --- identification --- security --- wireless communication --- machine learning --- phonation --- acoustic analysis --- follow-up study --- hypokinetic dysarthria --- Parkinson’s disease --- pattern recognition --- dynamic time warping --- maximum likelihood criterion --- similarity measure --- multitemporal data --- multispectral information --- cognitive radio --- interference alignment --- interference leakage --- multi-hop relay network --- Parkinson’s disease dysgraphia --- micrographia --- online handwriting --- kinematic analysis --- fractional-order derivative --- fractional calculus --- electrocardiogram (ECG) --- Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) --- overcomplete multi-scale dictionary construction --- signal representation --- sparse inference --- fractional-order filters --- fractional calculus --- Chebyshev filters --- low-pass filters --- magnitude responses --- time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) --- sample-and-hold (S/H) mismatch --- modulo M quasi-stationary --- Taylor series --- Richardson iteration --- 3D segmentation --- brain --- deep learning --- neural network --- open-source --- semantic segmentation --- spine --- u-net --- n/a

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We are very pleased to introduce the Book Version of our Special Issue in Molecules dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Dr. Charles D. Hufford. The issue has been a huge success, with 22 full-length peer-reviewed papers and a tribute by Professor Alice M.Clark. Authors, reviewers, and collaborators from many countries across the worldhave contributed to this endeavour, and we are truly grateful to all. This Special Issue isrepresentative of the broad impact that “Charlie” had on the field of bioactive naturalproducts. This Special Issue comprises papers from Professor Hufford’s former students,colleagues, and collaborators throughout the world who have utilized a wide array ofstate-of-the-art techniques to examine diverse natural sources to isolate and identify avariety of natural products with a wide spectrum of biological activities, including somenew microbial transformations and insights into bioactive molecules. Many new bioactive compounds are described and reported here for the first time. Bioactivities reportedinclude cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antileishmanialactivity, antitrypanosomal activity, antimalarial activity, analgesic activity, and beneficialliver activities, just to name a few. This Special Issue will undoubtedly have a lasting impact on the field of bioactive natural products, as exemplified by the career of Dr. Hufford.Lastly, without the timely and outstanding contributions from all of you, this Special Issue would not have been possible. We thank you all very much for your contributions and your time devoted to this Special Issue in memory of a special person. Finally, we express ourgratitude and thanks to the journal Molecules and their excellent team of expert reviewers for giving us the support and opportunity to make this Special Issue a huge success!

fusidic acid --- Cunninghamella echinulata --- C-26-oxidation --- C-27-oxidation --- Morus alba L. --- aldose reductase inhibitor --- neuroprotective agent --- natural products --- Mitracarpus scaber Zucc. --- pentalogin --- anti-inflammatory --- MS/MS --- Il-8 --- Crinum amabile --- augustine N-oxide --- buphanisine N-oxide --- biological activities --- Cryptococcus neoformans --- cryptococcosis --- HepG2 --- Prosopis glandulosa --- prosopilosidine --- amphotericin B --- fluconazole --- resveratrol --- dietary supplement --- gastro-resistant --- microparticles --- obesity --- HPLC --- Jatropha pelargoniifolia --- alkaloids --- flavonoids --- coumarinolignans --- diterpenes --- anti-inflammatory --- analgesic --- antipyretic --- Cochlospermum vitifolium --- Cochlospermaceae --- flavonoids --- lignans --- aromatic compounds --- carotenoids --- sterols --- liver activity --- Arthrinium sp. --- chromone --- polyketide --- antioxidant activity --- Rubiaceae --- jenipapo --- HPLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS --- flavonoids glycosides --- Baccharis --- antimalarial activity --- antitrypanosomal activity --- insecticidal activity --- GC/MS --- DNA barcoding --- microscopy --- antibacterial --- channel catfish --- columnaris disease --- Flavobacterium columnare --- stilbenes --- muscadine --- pyranoanthocyanin --- anti-leishmanial activity --- Leishmania donovani --- maleimides --- cytotoxicity --- SAR --- phlorogluciniol --- acylphloroglucinol --- anti-inflammatory --- iNOS --- NF-?B --- endophytic fungi --- sesterterpene --- cytotoxic activity --- pancreatic cancer --- Stevia rebaudiana --- diterpene glycosides --- rebaudioside A isomers --- 13(S)-hydroxyatisenoic acid derivative --- iso-stevioside X-ray structure --- Litsea cubeba --- cytotoxicity --- isolation and elucidation --- lignans --- antimicrobial resistance --- multi-drug resistant (MDR) --- methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) --- Zingiber monatnum --- terpenes --- (E)-8(17),12-labdadiene-15,16-dial --- zerumbol --- microbial transformation --- hop prenylflavanone --- isoxanthohumol --- cardiomyogenesis --- factor VII --- factor X --- inflammation --- thrombosis --- vasculogenesis --- herbal medicine --- n/a --- Nemania --- Xylariaceae --- Torreya taxifolia --- plant pathogenic and endophytic fungi --- cytochalasins --- malaria --- cytotoxicity --- phytotoxicity --- acacetin 7-methyl ether --- acacetin --- monoamine oxidase-A --- monoamine oxidase-B --- molecular docking --- molecular dynamics --- neurological disorder --- Turnera diffusa

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The use of scientific computing tools is currently customary for solving problems at several complexity levels in Applied Sciences. The great need for reliable software in the scientific community conveys a continuous stimulus to develop new and better performing numerical methods that are able to grasp the particular features of the problem at hand. This has been the case for many different settings of numerical analysis, and this Special Issue aims at covering some important developments in various areas of application.

time fractional differential equations --- mixed-index problems --- analytical solution --- asymptotic stability --- conservative problems --- Hamiltonian problems --- energy-conserving methods --- Poisson problems --- Hamiltonian Boundary Value Methods --- HBVMs --- line integral methods --- constrained Hamiltonian problems --- Hamiltonian PDEs --- highly oscillatory problems --- boundary element method --- finite difference method --- floating strike Asian options --- continuous geometric average --- barrier options --- isogeometric analysis --- adaptive methods --- hierarchical splines --- THB-splines --- local refinement --- linear systems --- preconditioners --- Cholesky factorization --- limited memory --- Volterra integral equations --- Volterra integro–differential equations --- collocation methods --- multistep methods --- convergence --- B-spline --- optimal basis --- fractional derivative --- Galerkin method --- collocation method --- spectral (eigenvalue) and singular value distributions --- generalized locally Toeplitz sequences --- discretization of systems of differential equations --- higher-order finite element methods --- discontinuous Galerkin methods --- finite difference methods --- isogeometric analysis --- B-splines --- curl–curl operator --- time harmonic Maxwell’s equations and magnetostatic problems --- low rank completion --- matrix ODEs --- gradient system --- ordinary differential equations --- Runge–Kutta --- tree --- stump --- order --- elementary differential --- edge-histogram --- edge-preserving smoothing --- histogram specification --- initial value problems --- one-step methods --- Hermite–Obreshkov methods --- symplecticity --- B-splines --- BS methods --- hyperbolic partial differential equations --- high order discontinuous Galerkin finite element schemes --- shock waves and discontinuities --- vectorization and parallelization --- high performance computing --- generalized Schur algorithm --- null-space --- displacement rank --- structured matrices --- stochastic differential equations --- stochastic multistep methods --- stochastic Volterra integral equations --- mean-square stability --- asymptotic stability --- numerical analysis --- numerical methods --- scientific computing --- initial value problems --- one-step methods --- Hermite–Obreshkov methods --- symplecticity --- B-splines --- BS methods