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Inequity starts before birth and is programmed in part by nutritional exposures. If these exposures occur around the time of conception, during pregnancy, and/or in infancy or childhood (all critical periods of development) they may alter a child’s health trajectory and impact risk for impaired cognition and learning, and cardiometabolic, immune, and neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. This Special Issue on “Early Life Nutrition and Future Health” has the following aims: 1) understand the origins of offspring health inequities from an early nutritional perspective; 2) uncover new insights into the environmental, biological, and social mechanisms that underpin these health outcomes in offspring; and 3) present novel targets and approaches to optimise health trajectories and prevent chronic diseases and disorders in later life and across generations. The research projects included herein highlight novel mechanistic, epidemiologic, and intervention studies that target key windows where nutrition has the greatest influence on future health (preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods) and that explore vulnerable populations and animal models of early life nutritional programming.

reduced litter size --- postnatal calcium homeostasis --- adult bone health --- milk composition --- developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) --- gut microbiota --- non-communicable disease --- nutrient-sensing signal --- nutrition --- oxidative stress --- pregnancy --- reprogramming --- undernutrition --- abdominal obesity --- fetal --- infant --- adulthood --- folic acid supplementation --- pregnancy --- epidemiology --- social inequalities --- short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) --- pH --- dietary fibre --- gut health --- prebiotic --- malnutrition --- gut barrier --- development --- pregnancy --- prebiotic --- gut-brain --- programming --- microbiota --- L-cell --- eating behavior --- pregnancy --- postpartum --- dietary intake --- energy intake --- supplements --- dietary reference intakes (DRIs) --- diet quality --- Healthy Eating Index --- sugars --- fruit juices --- life-course epidemiology --- infant --- child --- human milk --- human milk oligosaccharides --- phospholipids --- sphingomyelin --- gangliosides --- LC–MS

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Seaweeds are recognized as highly nutritious, and their use in gastronomy is increasing. Their health benefits and their potential to prevent several diseases have also been established. In this Special Issue several health effects are discussed, with more emphasis on their antitumor activity and potential use to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The key bioactive metabolites, from which phlorotannins can be highlighted, are presented, as well as some important in vivo studies. Altogether, the chapters provide in-depth information about the biological activities of seaweed metabolites, contributing to elucidate the health effects of seaweed.

Padina pavonica --- osteosarcoma --- apoptosis --- algae --- chemo-preventive agent --- phytol --- fucosterol --- fatty acid --- laurinterol --- Laurencia --- antitumoral --- breast cancer explants --- organotypic culture --- ex vivo --- phlorotannin --- eckmaxol --- high-speed counter-current chromatography --- NMR spectroscopy --- mass spectrometry --- isolation and purification --- Ecklonia maxima --- fucoidan --- age-related macular degeneration --- VEGF --- oxidative stress --- Saccharina latissima --- Fucus vesiculosus --- Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens --- Fucus serratus --- Laminaria digitata --- Symphyocladia latiuscula --- bromophenols --- mushroom tyrosinase --- B16F10 --- melanin --- red seaweed --- bioactives --- extraction --- biorefinery --- seaweed --- gut microbiota --- prebiotics --- dietary fibre --- complex polysaccharides --- polyphenols --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- carotenoids --- phytochemicals --- Padina pavonica --- marine algae --- osteoporosis --- bone metabolism --- bone health --- nutraceutical --- Bifurcaria bifurcata --- linear diterpenes --- extraction --- identification --- biological activities --- macroalgae --- high value applications --- phlorotannin --- amyloid-? aggregation --- insulin glycation --- dynamic simulation --- kidney --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- Ecklonia cava --- phlorotannins --- Alzheimer’s disease --- seaweeds --- cholinesterases --- beta-secretase --- beta-amyloid aggregation --- neuroprotection --- K14HPV16 --- genotoxicity assay --- papillomavirus --- cancer --- seaweeds --- hyperpigmentation --- skin aging --- skincare --- photo-protection --- seaweeds --- secondary metabolites --- in vivo studies --- clinical trials --- health effects --- dieckol --- eckol --- fucoxanthin --- kahalalide F

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It is now well accepted that the consumption of plant-based foods is beneficial to human health. Fruits, vegetables, grains, and derived products can be excellent sources of minerals, vitamins, and fiber and usually have a favorable nutrient-to-energy ratio. Furthermore, plant foods are also a rich source of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and betalains, with potential health benefits for humans. Many epidemiological studies have made a direct link between the consumption of plant foods and health. Human intervention studies have also shown that higher intake/consumption of plant foods can reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases, especially in at-risk populations such as obese people. In addition to its health benefits, plant foods are also used as functional ingredients in food applications such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and natural colorants. The Special Issue “Foods of Plant Origin” covers biodiscovery, functionality, the effect of different cooking/preparation methods on bioactive (plant food) ingredients, and strategies to improve the nutritional quality of plant foods by adding other food components using novel/alternative food sources or applying non-conventional preparation techniques.

functional properties --- orange fleshed sweet potato --- vitamin A --- porridge --- skimmed milk --- durian --- esters --- thioacetals --- thioesters --- volatile compounds --- polyphenols --- propionate --- ‘Ma’afala’ --- Artocarpus altilis --- gluten-free pasta --- underutilized crop --- value-added product --- indigenous crop cultivar --- Cassava --- gari --- retention --- beta-carotene --- vitamin A intake --- Brassica --- stir-frying --- steaming --- boiling --- HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS --- UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS --- sulforaphane --- iberin --- Kakadu plum --- Terminalia ferdinandiana --- antioxidants --- antimicrobial activity --- food preservation --- phytochemicals --- polyphenols --- Australian grown garlic --- Allium sativum L. --- polyphenols --- organosulfur compounds --- antioxidant capacity --- antimicrobial activity --- photo technology --- shelf life --- Capsicum annuum L. --- postharvest quality --- bioactive compounds --- antioxidant activity --- folate --- tropical fruits --- subtropical fruits --- vegetables --- indigenous food --- stable isotope dilution assay --- LC-MS/MS --- Acca sellowiana --- feijoa fruit --- proximate composition --- polyphenols --- vitamins --- minerals --- antimicrobial activity --- Chenopodium quinoa --- bakery products --- DRIs/DRVs (Dietary Reference Intakes/Dietary Reference Values) and AI (Adequate Intake) --- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) --- EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) --- protein quality --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- dietary fibre --- mineral availability --- glycaemic index estimation --- Solanum tuberosum L. --- starch --- digestibility --- freeze-drying --- microwave vacuum drying --- conductive hydro-drying --- instant controlled pressure drop --- processing --- Brassica vegetables --- bioactive compounds --- postharvest processing --- kaempferol --- sinigrin --- plant food --- composition --- nutrients --- vitamins --- phytochemicals --- fibre --- processing --- preservation --- functional properties --- health