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This open access book applies for the first time emerging concepts of socioeconomics to analyse an economic sector, namely agriculture. It considers the rational choices of all actors in the system (just as agricultural economists do) and their cultural preferences and constraints (just as rural sociologists do). Socioeconomic concepts are subsequently used to structure agricultural issues with regard to the three governance mechanisms (hierarchy, markets, and cooperation), and different agricultural systems are presented and compared. The book will be of interest to social scientists with various backgrounds, and seeks to break down the barriers of single-disciplinary thinking.

Hierarchy --- Cooperation --- Agricultural systems --- Governance --- Primary sector --- Socioeconomics --- Agri-food chain --- Agricultural economics

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The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them.

zoantharian --- ShK-like peptide --- dynamics simulation --- voltage-gated K+ ion channel --- calcium-activated K+ ion channel --- animal toxins --- Ciguatera fish poisoning --- Gambierdiscus --- quorum sensing --- algal–bacterial relationship --- eutrophication --- Microcystis --- spatial variability --- cyanotoxins --- ELISA --- PPIA --- food chain --- Rastrineobola argentea --- marine toxins --- LC-HRMS --- targeted analysis --- suspects screening --- non-targeted analysis --- method characterization --- paralytic shellfish toxins --- acute toxicity --- oral toxicity --- tetrodotoxin --- saxitoxin --- toxicity equivalence factor --- NMR spectroscopy --- disulfide-rich peptide --- conotoxin --- tetrodotoxins --- bivalve mollusks --- marine biotoxins --- LC-MS/MS --- neuroblastoma bioassay --- Chinese yellow catfish --- whole genome sequencing --- toxin genes --- identification --- ciguatera fish poisoning --- gambierdiscus --- seafood safety --- C-CTX-1 --- water flea --- Daphnia magna --- dopaminergic neurons --- cyanobacterial toxin --- BMAA --- beta-methyl-amino-l-alanine --- neurodegeneration --- palytoxin --- ovatoxins --- mass spectrometry --- cationization --- toxicology --- thermal water --- marine --- adaptation --- evolution --- spent medium --- ciguatera fish poisoning --- macaronesia --- caribbean ciguatoxins --- LC-MS/MS --- N2a --- n/a