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This open access book applies for the first time emerging concepts of socioeconomics to analyse an economic sector, namely agriculture. It considers the rational choices of all actors in the system (just as agricultural economists do) and their cultural preferences and constraints (just as rural sociologists do). Socioeconomic concepts are subsequently used to structure agricultural issues with regard to the three governance mechanisms (hierarchy, markets, and cooperation), and different agricultural systems are presented and compared. The book will be of interest to social scientists with various backgrounds, and seeks to break down the barriers of single-disciplinary thinking.
Hierarchy --- Cooperation --- Agricultural systems --- Governance --- Primary sector --- Socioeconomics --- Agri-food chain --- Agricultural economics
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"The Norwegian food market engenders strong opinions and substantial media attention, with questions regarding agricultural regulations, competition between retail food chains, and the relationship between chains and their suppliers fueling debate. Meanwhile the country’s politicians call for greater intervention. Much of the debate can seem to be happening “against our better judgment”. Vague assumptions about the state of the food sector, paired with a strong political will to apply initiatives, is reason enough to look closer at the situation. This anthology provides an up-to-date factual assessment of the entire value chain in the food market. Central topics include development of productivity in the various segments of the food chain, price differences between different countries, and effects of Norway’s tariff system. The book presents new contributions concerning the structure of the market, access to food stores and the significance of brand names, and especially to the kind of bargaining tactics employed between food chains and suppliers, with an overview of how their negotiations are carried out and possibilities for regulatory measures afforded under existing laws. Against Better Judgment in the Norwegian Food Sector confirms existing knowledge and presents new findings that deserve attention from the sector itself, the media and public authorities. The book will be of interest to everyone seeking to understand the Norwegian food sector and take part in its further development. The book’s chapters have been written by seven researchers with lengthy experience in the field, and edited by Frode Steen, a professor in the Department of Economics at the Norwegian School of Economics, and Ivar Pettersen, a senior advisor at the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research."
Norwegian food market --- food chain --- market structure --- Norwegian food sector --- Det norske matmarkedet --- verdikjede --- dagligvarehandel --- matkjeden --- norsk matsektor
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Consumers trust is a key factor in dealing with rising concerns about food safety and food quality, but only few studies have dealt with consumer attitudes and none of them has tried to model the process of consumer response. This book reports the main findings of an european project aimed at analysing trust along the food chain and its relationship with food risk communication. The papers collected investigate the mechanisms that determine the social diffusion of trust, examining the interplay of the psychological, sociological and economic factors; and analyze the impact of the food risk communication policies on consumers and producers and on the society as a whole.
economics --- sociology --- unione europea --- alimentazione --- sociologia --- atti di convegno --- european union --- proceedings --- nutrition --- economia --- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy --- Chicken --- Food chain --- Food safety --- France --- Germany --- Italy --- Netherlands --- Risk management --- Risk perception
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This open access short reader looks into the dynamics which have reshaped rural development and human landscapes in European agriculture and the role of immigrant people. Within this framework it analyses contemporary rural migrations and the emergence of immigrants in relation to the incorporation of agrarian systems into global markets, the European agricultural governance (CAP), and the struggle of local territories as differentiated practices in constant stress between innovation and resilience. It specifically explores the case of immigrant shepherds to describe the reconfiguration of agriculture systems and rural landscapes in Europe following intense immigration and the related provision of skilled labour at a relatively low cost. Being written in a very accessible way, this reader is an interesting read to students, researchers, academics, policy makers, and practitioners.
Social Sciences, general --- Agriculture --- Geography, general --- Human Geography --- Sociology of Migration --- Geography --- Open access --- EU agro-pastoralism --- European Mediterranean --- European agricultural governance (CAP) --- TRAMed research --- Rural development --- Local agro-pastoral sector --- Sustainability --- Migrations --- Mediterranean agriculture --- Immigrant workers --- Agri-food chain --- Society & Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Agricultural science --- Human geography
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The One Health concept recognizes that the health of humans, animals, and their ecosystems are interconnected, and that a coordinated, collaborative, multidisciplinary, and cross-sectoral approach is necessary to fully understand and respond to potential or existing risks that originate at the animal–human–ecosystems interfaces. Thus, the One Health concept represents a holistic vision for addressing some of the complex challenges that threaten human and animal health, food safety, and the environments in which diseases flourish. There are many examples showing how the health of humans is related to the health of animals and the environment. Diseases shared between humans and animals are zoonoses. Some zoonoses have been known for many years, whereas others have emerged suddenly and unexpectedly. Over 70% of all new emerging diseases over the past few decades have been zoonoses that have emerged from wildlife, most often from bats, rodents, or birds. Examples of zoonoses are many and varied, ranging from rabies to bovine tuberculosis, and from Japanese encephalitis to SARS. Clearly, a One Health approach is essential for understanding their ecology, and for outbreak response and the development of control strategies. However, the One Health concept and approach is much broader than zoonoses; it extends to including antimicrobial resistance, food safety, and environmental health and, consequently, impacts on global health security, economic wellbeing, and international trade. It is this breadth of One Health that connects the papers in this Special Issue.
Clostridium difficile --- Asia --- epidemiology --- One Health --- C. burnetii --- Q fever --- Australia --- pyrogenicity --- guinea pigs --- One Health --- antibiotics --- antimicrobials --- antimicrobial resistance --- environment --- water --- infrastructure --- Australia --- emerging disease --- international health regulations --- Joint External Evaluation (JEE) --- One Health --- Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) --- surveillance --- wildlife --- zoonosis --- Japanese encephalitis virus --- zoonosis --- mosquito --- transmission --- Australia --- Australian bat lyssavirus --- microbats --- Western Australia --- serology --- Luminex --- real-time PCR --- AMR --- One Health --- food chain --- trade --- Codex --- WHO --- World Trade Organization (WTO) --- scrub typhus --- One Health --- incidence --- clinical pattern --- descriptive epidemiology --- vector-borne disease --- emerging disease --- One Health --- zoonoses --- Ebola virus --- emerging infectious diseases --- zoonoses --- prevalence --- Brucella abortus --- urban livestock keeping --- smallholder farming --- n/a --- influenza --- swine --- Australia --- human --- pandemic
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Humans are part of an ecosystem, and understanding our relationship with the environment and with other organisms is a prerequisite to living together sustainably. Zoonotic diseases, which are spread between animals and humans, are an important issue as they reflect our relationship with other animals in a common environment. Zoonoses are still presented with high occurrence rates, especially in rural communities, with direct and indirect consequences for people. In several cases, zoonosis could cause severe clinical manifestations and is difficult to control and treat. Moreover, the persistent use of drugs for infection control enhances the potential of drug resistance and impacts on ecosystem balance and food production. This book demonstrates the importance of understanding zoonosis in terms of how it allows ecosystems to transform, adapt, and evolve. Ecohealth/One Health approaches recognize the interconnections among people, other organisms, and their shared developing environment. Moreover, these holistic approaches encourage stakeholders of various disciplines to collaborate in order to solve problems related to zoonosis. The reality of climate change necessitates considering new variables in studying diseases, particularly to predict how these changes in the ecosystems can affect human health and how to recognize the boundaries between medicine, veterinary care, and environmental and social changes towards healthy and sustainable development.
antibiotic resistance --- Enterobacteriaceae --- ESBL --- food chain --- one health --- Zoonosis --- livestock --- bacteria --- antimicrobial resistance --- animals --- Africa --- antibiotics --- One-health --- epidemiology --- Toxoplasma gondii --- birds --- IFAT --- serology --- PCR --- zoonosis --- One Health --- Eastern Mediterranean region --- non-typhoidal Salmonella --- zoonoses --- child diarrhoea --- enteropathogens --- public health --- Cysticercus bovis --- Taenia saginata --- Tocantins --- food security --- campylobacteriosis --- developing countries --- one health --- zoonoses --- antimicrobial resistance --- horses --- Anaplasma phagocytophilum --- spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. --- zoonosis --- tick-borne infections --- bovine tuberculosis (bTB) --- multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) --- Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) --- risk factors --- wildlife–livestock–human interface --- zoonotic TB --- dog --- filariasis --- D. immitis --- B. pahangi --- B. malayi --- zoonosis --- Thailand --- Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi --- schistosomiasis japonica --- environmental DNA --- edaphic factors --- snail surveillance
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The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them.
zoantharian --- ShK-like peptide --- dynamics simulation --- voltage-gated K+ ion channel --- calcium-activated K+ ion channel --- animal toxins --- Ciguatera fish poisoning --- Gambierdiscus --- quorum sensing --- algal–bacterial relationship --- eutrophication --- Microcystis --- spatial variability --- cyanotoxins --- ELISA --- PPIA --- food chain --- Rastrineobola argentea --- marine toxins --- LC-HRMS --- targeted analysis --- suspects screening --- non-targeted analysis --- method characterization --- paralytic shellfish toxins --- acute toxicity --- oral toxicity --- tetrodotoxin --- saxitoxin --- toxicity equivalence factor --- NMR spectroscopy --- disulfide-rich peptide --- conotoxin --- tetrodotoxins --- bivalve mollusks --- marine biotoxins --- LC-MS/MS --- neuroblastoma bioassay --- Chinese yellow catfish --- whole genome sequencing --- toxin genes --- identification --- ciguatera fish poisoning --- gambierdiscus --- seafood safety --- C-CTX-1 --- water flea --- Daphnia magna --- dopaminergic neurons --- cyanobacterial toxin --- BMAA --- beta-methyl-amino-l-alanine --- neurodegeneration --- palytoxin --- ovatoxins --- mass spectrometry --- cationization --- toxicology --- thermal water --- marine --- adaptation --- evolution --- spent medium --- ciguatera fish poisoning --- macaronesia --- caribbean ciguatoxins --- LC-MS/MS --- N2a --- n/a
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