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A topic of utmost importance in civil engineering is finding optimal solutions throughout the life cycle of buildings and infrastructural objects, including their design, manufacturing, use, and maintenance. Operational research, management science, and optimization methods provide a consistent and applicable groundwork for engineering decision-making. These topics have received the interest of researchers and, after a rigorous peer-review process, eight papers have been published in this Special Issue. The articles in this Printed Edition demonstrate how solutions in civil engineering, which bring economic, social, and environmental benefits, are obtained through a variety of methodologies and tools. Usually, decision-makers need to take into account not just a single criterion, but several different criteria and, therefore, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches have been suggested for application in five of the published papers; the rest of the papers apply other research methods. Most approaches suggested decision models under uncertainty, proposing hybrid MCDM methods in combination with fuzzy or rough set theory, as well as D-numbers. The application areas of the proposed MCDM techniques mainly cover production/manufacturing engineering, logistics and transportation, and construction engineering and management. We hope that a summary of the Special Issue as provided here will encourage a detailed analysis of the papers included in the Printed Edition.

airplane turn time --- boarding/deboarding strategies --- seat preference --- experimental test --- internal transport --- rough Best–Worst Method (BWM) --- rough Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) --- logistics --- railway wagon --- construction --- rough number --- EDAS --- DEMATEL --- MCDM --- supply chain --- image processing --- flexible manufacturing --- tool-flank-wear monitoring --- artificial neural networks --- cost estimation --- shovel machine --- neural network --- multivariate regression --- hybrid model --- performance evaluation --- oil and gas well drilling projects --- Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) --- interval-valued fuzzy Additive Ratio Assessment --- Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) --- D number --- analytical network process (ANP) --- multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) --- multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) --- consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR) --- construction project risk --- risk management --- civil engineering --- architecture --- conceptual design --- parametric design --- structural analysis --- Grasshopper --- optimisation --- finite element method (FEM) --- ruled surface --- roof shell --- multi criteria decision making --- multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) --- hybrid MCDM --- fuzzy sets --- rough sets --- D numbers --- 3D modelling --- image processing --- experimental testing --- civil engineering --- manufacturing engineering --- transportation --- logistics

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As computer and space technologies have been developed, geoscience information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies, which deal with the geospatial information, have been rapidly maturing. Moreover, over the last few decades, machine learning techniques including artificial neural network (ANN), deep learning, decision tree, and support vector machine (SVM) have been successfully applied to geospatial science and engineering research fields. The machine learning techniques have been widely applied to GIS and RS research fields and have recently produced valuable results in the areas of geoscience, environment, natural hazards, and natural resources. This book is a collection representing novel contributions detailing machine learning techniques as applied to geoscience information systems and remote sensing.

landslide --- bagging ensemble --- Logistic Model Trees --- GIS --- Vietnam --- colorization --- random forest regression --- grayscale aerial image --- change detection --- gully erosion --- environmental variables --- data mining techniques --- SCAI --- GIS --- mapping --- single-class data descriptors --- materia medica resource --- Panax notoginseng --- one-class classifiers --- geoherb --- change detection --- convolutional network --- deep learning --- panchromatic --- remote sensing --- remote sensing image segmentation --- convolutional neural networks --- Gaofen-2 --- hybrid structure convolutional neural networks --- winter wheat spatial distribution --- classification-based learning --- real-time precise point positioning --- convergence time --- ionospheric delay constraints --- precise weighting --- landslide --- weights of evidence --- logistic regression --- random forest --- hybrid model --- traffic CO --- traffic CO prediction --- neural networks --- GIS --- land use/land cover (LULC) --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- texture --- gray-level co-occurrence matrix --- machine learning --- crop --- landslide susceptibility --- random forest --- boosted regression tree --- information gain --- landslide susceptibility map --- ALS point cloud --- multi-scale --- classification --- large scene --- coarse particle --- particulate matter 10 (PM10) --- landsat image --- machine learning --- support vector machine --- high-resolution --- optical remote sensing --- object detection --- deep learning --- transfer learning --- land subsidence --- Bayes net --- naïve Bayes --- logistic --- multilayer perceptron --- logit boost --- change detection --- convolutional network --- deep learning --- panchromatic --- remote sensing --- leaf area index (LAI) --- machine learning --- Sentinel-2 --- sensitivity analysis --- training sample size --- spectral bands --- spatial sparse recovery --- constrained spatial smoothing --- spatial spline regression --- alternating direction method of multipliers --- landslide prediction --- machine learning --- neural networks --- model switching --- spatial predictive models --- predictive accuracy --- model assessment --- variable selection --- feature selection --- model validation --- spatial predictions --- reproducible research --- Qaidam Basin --- remote sensing --- TRMM --- artificial neural network --- n/a