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Women like Jane Ashley, Amabel Hume-Campbell,
Anna Maria Agar, Sarah Dawes and Mary Cotterel were all involved in pushing
through parliamentary enclosure awards, while Elizabeth Prowse introduced
wide-ranging agricultural improvements after the informal enclosure of the open
fields at Wicken. The contributions of these women and others like them to a
bundle of related practices – including parliamentary enclosure and agricultural
improvement, but also non-agricultural sources of estate income – are discussed
in this chapter.

women --- estate --- income

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Thomas Straubhaar and Ingrid Hohenleitner outline the model of an unconditionally granted basic income. According to the authors, it can also be financed by Germany. They see the basic income as an opportunity to sustainably restructure the state budget and make the welfare state financially viable again for future generations. They show that new jobs of up to 1.17 million full-time jobs could be created, particularly in the low-wage sector. Michael Opielka sees the Althaus model as "a kind of combination wage for all". Part of the national income would be distributed to all. With a "mixture of pragmatism and idealism", the Solidarity Citizen's Income creates on the one hand a "real" labour market, but at the same time makes part-time work worthwhile and provides secure voluntary commitment and educational phases. With the Solidarity Citizen Income, wage differentiation in the lower income bracket no longer leads to poverty. The Solidarity Citizen Income of Dieter Althaus would be an important step on the way to more social solidarity, more subsidiarity and more (social) justice. Michael Schramm comes to this conclusion. In addition, the system of social security would be placed on an economically viable footing and the labour market and entrepreneurial forces would be stimulated.

basic income, solidarity citizen income, unconditional basic income, negative income tax, welfare state, social system, social security, system change, "sociopolitical revolution"

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Many people are increasingly concerned about economic inequality within their own nations, or between wealthy nations and poor ones. But is today's vast economic inequality best addressed by appeals to ethics, by altering social structures such as taxes and laws, or some combination of the two approaches? This volume brings together leading scholars from across the disciplines who believe today's extreme economic inequality threatens human flourishing and who are determined to address it using their own disciplinary tools. The broadly interdisciplinary volume incorporates contributions from fields as varied as theology, philosophy, economics, education, social work, sociology and law. Our work together illustrates how incorporating a variety of perspectives in a conversation enriches religious and ethical reflection on a significant social ill, and how quantitative and secular fields can help offer practical solutions to contemporary ethical problems.

inequality --- economic inequality --- living wage --- earned income tax credit

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Building on the work carried out in the 2004 Routledge book, Tax Systems and Tax Reforms in Europe, an international team of contributors now turn their attention to the new EU member states. The book compares conditions in the new and potential EU Member states to those in the long-standing EU countries. Topics covered include: * A Comparative View of Taxation in the EU and in New Members * Tax Policy in EU New Members * Tax Policy in New Members under the Stability Pact * Tax Administration and the Black Economy. As well as investigating countries such as the Czech Republic, Estonia and the Baltics, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia, this outstanding book contains a foreword by Vito Tanzi and will be a valuable resource for postgraduates and professionals in the fields of economics, politics, finance and European studies.

personal,income,social,security,contribution,transition,economies,total,fiscal,revenue

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This book contributes to the empirical literature on economic and human development from five different perspectives: the first chapter provides a new statistical test for bimodality of densities with an application to income data. The second chapter analyzes the worlds cross-country distribution of income and challenges the so called Twin Peaks-claim. The third chapter focuses on the world income distribution and resulting implications for poverty reduction, pro-poor growth and the evolution of global inequality. The fourth chapter estimates the welfare effects of recently negotiated Economic Partnership Agreements between the EU and African countries. Finally, the fifth chapter investigates whether democracy leads to higher levels of health and education.

Contribution --- Cross-Country Income Distribution --- Demogracy and Human Development --- Development --- Economic --- Economic Partnership Agreements --- Empirics --- Empiricsi --- Human --- Likelihood-Ratio-Test for Bimodality --- Vollmer --- World Income Distribution