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AlSi12-based metal matrix composites using metallic glass Ni??Nb??Ta?? as reinforcement were produced via gas pressure melt infiltration technique. Comprehensive investigations were performed to determine the composite´s microstructural, mechanical and thermal properties as well as damage mechanisms. The results contribute to a better understanding on the material´s processing-structure-property relations.

Metallmatrixverbundwerkstoff, Metallisches Glas, Gasdruckinfiltration, Mechanische Eigenschaften, Schädigungsmechanismenmetal matrix composite, metallic glass, gas pressure infiltration, mechanical properties, damage mechanisms

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Human needs like food and clean water are directly related to good maintenance of healthy and productive soils. A good understanding of human impact on the natural environment is therefore necessary to preserve and manage soil and water resources. This knowledge is particularly important in semi-arid and arid regions, where the increasing demands on limited water supplies require urgent efforts to improve water quality and water use efficiency. It is important to keep in mind that both soil and water are limited resources. Thus, wise use of these natural resources is a fundamental prerequisite for the sustainability of human societies. This book collects 15 original scientific contributions addressing the state of the art of soil and water conservation research. Contributions cover a wide range of topics, including (1) recovery of soil hydraulic properties; (2) erosion risk; (3) novel modeling, monitoring and experimental approaches for soil hydraulic characterization; (4) improvement of crop yields; (5) water availability; and (6) soil salinity. This collection provides more insights into conservation strategies for effective and sustainable soil and water management.

soil moisture storage --- van Genuchten model --- distributed model --- Xin’anjiang model --- TOPMODEL --- bimsoils --- critical hydraulic gradient (CHG) --- response surface methodology --- multi-parameter evaluation --- laboratory experiment --- soil block --- subsurface flow --- macropore network --- spatial scale --- polyurethane foam --- hillslope --- soil water content --- field observation --- three-dimensional model --- numerical model --- delta plain --- shallow groundwater --- unsaturated soil --- Richards equation --- the Trefftz method --- transient --- the meshless method --- vineyards --- infiltration rate --- age of planting --- saturated hydraulic conductivity --- Malawi --- conservation agriculture --- peer effects --- decision tree modeling --- olive grove --- sap flow --- relative transpiration --- FDR sensor --- EM38 --- fraction transpiration soil water --- transdisciplinary research --- Follow-the-Innovation --- innovation development --- electromagnetic induction meter (EM) --- The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) software --- AquaCrop --- cereals --- DSSAT --- field scattering --- food security --- microdose fertilization --- rainfall variability --- tied ridges --- upgrading strategies --- soil properties --- saturated soil hydraulic conductivity --- soil infiltration --- Beerkan method --- post-fire soil hydraulic characterization --- infiltration --- bottomless bucket method --- single-ring infiltrometer --- field-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity --- data analysis procedures --- environmental change --- local perception --- food security --- adaptation --- soil tillage --- tillage erosion --- seedbed preparation --- water infiltration --- nitrogen use efficiency --- specific leaf water content --- vegetable production --- soil --- yield --- water and soil conservation --- sustainable land management --- soil erosion --- soil water storage --- water infiltration --- water availability --- crop yields

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In recent decades, the study of groundwater flow and solute transport has advanced into new territories that are beyond conventional theories, such as Darcy’s law and Fick’s law. The studied media have changed from permeable porous and fractured ones to much less permeable ones, such as clay and shale. The studied pore sizes have also changed from millimetres to micro-meters or even nano-meters. The objective of this Special Issue is to report recent advances in groundwater flow and solute transport that push the knowledge boundary into new territories which include, but are not limited to, flow and transport in sloping aquifer/hillslopes, coupled unsaturated and saturated flow, coupled aquifer-vertical/horizontal/slant well flow, interaction of aquifer with connected and disconnected rivers, non-Darcian flow, anomalous transport beyond the Fickian scheme, and flow and transport in extremely small pore spaces such as shale and tight sandstones. Contributions focusing on innovative experimental, numerical, and analytical methods for understanding unconventional problems, such as the above-listed ones, are encouraged, and contributions addressing flow and transport at interfaces of different media and crossing multiple temporal and spatial scales are of great value

soil formation --- percolation --- infiltration --- erosion --- Levy stable distribution --- permeameter test --- hydraulic conductivity --- silty clay --- solute transport --- nuclear waste disposal --- the Beishan area --- TOUGH2 --- groundwater flow --- assessment --- rough single fracture --- solute transport --- non-Darcian --- non-Fickian --- heterogeneity --- bimsoils --- water flow --- slenderness effect --- permeability coefficient --- non-Darcy flow --- hydrologic exchange --- SW–GW interaction --- field measurements --- Columbia River --- steady-state vertical flux --- evaporation calculation --- unsaturated flow --- semi-analytical solution --- solute longitudinal dispersion --- evolving-scale log-conductivity --- first-order analytical approach --- stochastic Lagrangian framework --- fractured aquifers --- seawater intrusion --- flow modeling --- salinity map --- groundwater ERT --- groundwater flow model --- numerical simulation --- uncertainty --- IUV --- IUM --- perturbation method --- Monte Carlo --- GFModel --- radioactive contaminant --- fractional derivative --- analytical solution --- Ulan Buh Desert --- DSR --- infiltration --- desert farmland --- irrigation --- sustainable development --- water resource utilization efficiency --- n/a

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This book entitled “Protein Crystallization under the Presence of an Electric Field” covers recent trends and original contributions on the use of electric fields (internal and external) for applications for nucleation control and the effect on the kinetics of crystallization processes. This book also includes basic strategies for growing crystals of biological macromolecules for characterization via X-ray and neutron diffraction as well as using modern X-ray-free electron-lasers. There are six main topics covered on this book, including recent insights into the crystallization process from nucleation and growth peculiarities, when using different kinds of electric fields; the effect of external electric fields on the kinetics of the dislocation-free growth of model proteins; the use of very strong external electric fields for the crystallization of a model protein glucose isomerase; and the use of alternant electric fields using different kinds of pulses and their combination with strong magnetic fields. There are also contributions related to applications in developing electron-transfer devices as well as graphene-based platforms for electrocrystallization and in situ X-ray diffraction characterization.

protein crystals --- growth kinetics --- electric field --- crystal quality --- lysozyme --- crystal growth in solution --- gel-growth --- electric fields --- magnetic fields --- pulse-wave --- cytochrome C nucleation and crystallization --- protein infiltration --- porous silicon --- electrical properties --- silanes --- electron-transfer biomolecular devices --- I–V characteristics --- crystallization --- macromolecular crystallography --- external DC electric field --- microbatch method --- protein crystallization --- classical and two-step nucleation mechanisms --- impact of electric fields on the protein crystallization --- external and internal electric fields --- number density --- size and quality of protein crystals --- microfluidics --- electrocrystallization --- protein crystallization --- in situ diffraction --- serial crystallography

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The role of soils for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is multifarious. Soils are the essential basis for food and biomass provision in support of food security (SDG 2) and energy security (SDG 7). Soil carbon sequestration is paramount for climate action (SDG 13). Soil-mediated water purification and retention, nutrient and matter cycling, and soils habitat functions are essential for maintaining ecosystem services and biodiversity (SDG 15). Healthy soils perform well in all these functions simultaneously. However, the globally increasing demand for food, fiber, and bio-based products poses massive challenges to soil health. Minimizing trade-offs between biomass production and soil health requires systemic approaches to assessment and governance of sustainable soil management in agriculture and food systems. It provides interdisciplinary insights into key questions: What are the impacts of agricultural management practices on sustainability targets in specific geophysical and socio-economic contexts? What are the opportunities and risks of future trends such as climate change, digitalization, and emerging technologies for soil management and soil health? How can institutions and governance instruments be improved to enable decision makers to take action on sustainable soil management? The book was initiated in the frame of the National German research program ‘BonaRes—Soil as a sustainable resource for the bioeconomy’, and it is meant to trigger interdisciplinary thinking.

conservation agriculture --- crop–livestock interactions --- Syria --- soil health --- agricultural innovation --- arid oasis --- combination of modern and indigenous knowledge --- Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response sustainability framework --- bayesian network --- soil functions --- conservation agriculture --- conventional farming --- zero tillage --- environmental zones --- phosphorus --- legal comparison --- governance --- sustainable agriculture --- fertilization --- soil protection --- Germany --- Costa Rica --- Nicaragua --- crop rotation modelling --- spatially explicit --- dynamic programming --- gross income --- carob --- yield --- soils --- desertification --- coffee by-products --- nutrient composition --- N leaching --- production --- so-called organic fertilizer --- ecosystem services --- governance --- institutions --- land --- property rights --- soils --- sustainability --- landowner --- tenant --- rent price --- rent proportion --- yield potential --- sustainable soil management --- soil degradation --- soil functions --- soil framework directive --- soil policy --- soil threats --- contamination --- sealing --- soil compaction --- risk assessment --- soil functions --- soil management --- subsoil --- compaction --- agricultural yields --- soil functions --- societal acceptance --- farmer motivations --- subsoil loosening --- alfalfa --- sustainable soil management --- resource scarcity --- Germany --- ecosystem services --- soil food web --- earthworms --- monitoring --- water infiltration --- agricultural policy --- behavioural studies --- literature review --- soil functions --- soil pressures --- justifying soil protection --- sustainable soil management --- creation ethics --- Laudato si’ --- property rights --- German Constitutional Law --- soil --- ecosystem services --- land management --- soil remediation --- Europe --- soil functions --- agricultural practices --- sustainability assessment --- ecosystem services --- resource use efficiency --- soil policy --- soil governance