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Bionanoparticles such as microorganisms and exosomes are recoganized as important targets for clinical applications, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Other nanoscale biological particles, includeing liposomes, micelles, and functionalized polymeric particles are widely used in nanomedicines. The recent deveopment of microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies has enabled the separation and anslysis of these species in a lab-on-a-chip platform, while there are still many challenges to address before these analytical tools can be adopted in practice. For example, the complex matrices within which these species reside in create a high background for their detection. Their small dimension and often low concentration demand creative strategies to amplify the sensing signal and enhance the detection speed. This Special Issue aims to recruit recent discoveries and developments of micro- and nanofluidic strategies for the processing and analysis of biological nanoparticles. The collection of papers will hopefully bring out more innovative ideas and fundamental insights to overcome the hurdles faced in the separation and detection of bionanoparticles.
microfluidic systems --- optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) --- cell isolation --- circulating tumour cells (CTCs) --- cancer metastasis --- flow focusing --- magnetic field --- microparticles --- ferrofluids --- dielectric film --- plastic wrap --- ballpoint pen printing --- conductive electrode --- digital microfluidic chip --- electrowetting --- lipid nanoparticles --- online analysis --- microfluidics --- plug flow mixer --- fluorescence --- precipitation --- single particle analysis --- nanoparticle characterization --- surface acoustic wave --- second-hand smoke --- 3-ethenylpyridine --- oxidized hollow mesoporous carbon nanosphere --- crop disease --- lensfree --- light diffraction --- image processing --- microfluidic --- HIV diagnostics --- cross-flow filtration --- microfluidic device --- COMSOL --- nanoporous membrane --- paper-based microfluidic device --- flow control --- droplet actuation --- multi-step assay --- biomarker detection --- digital microfluidic device --- n/a
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This Special Issue presents selected papers from the 8th
microtubes --- triple-coaxial flow --- microbes --- microfluidics --- bioremediation --- crack configuration --- metal conductive track --- stretchable elastomer --- flexible electronic device --- stretchable electronic device --- ion concentration polarization --- ion depletion zone --- Nafion --- microfluidic device --- pH indicator --- fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) --- 3D shape reconstruction --- shape from silhouette --- 3D printing --- additive manufacturing --- micro-stereolithography --- transparent object --- photopolymer --- direct writing --- femtosecond laser --- reductive sintering --- thermoelectric film --- Cu-Ni alloy --- micropatterns --- printing --- artificial cochlea --- MEMS --- piezoelectric material --- outer hair cell --- tactile sensor --- proximity sensor --- slipping detection --- microcantilever --- microfluidics --- microfiber spinning --- alginate hydrogel --- fatigue --- dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells --- wearable --- blink --- sensors --- micro/nano technology --- microfabrication --- stretchability --- thermoelectric generator --- flexible device --- origami --- cellular automata --- Game of Life --- reaction-diffusion system --- self-organization --- Turing pattern model --- Young model --- ATP --- microfluidic device --- luciferin–luciferase assay --- polydimethylsiloxane --- parasitic capacitance --- ultraviolet treatment --- capacitive force sensor --- n/a
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Recent advances in microsystems technology and cell culture techniques have led to the development of organ-on-chip microdevices that produce tissue-level functionality, not possible with conventional culture models, by recapitulating natural tissue architecture and microenvironmental cues within microfluidic devices.
microfluidics --- vascularization --- organ-on-a-chip --- vascularized tumor model --- tissue engineering --- microfluidic device --- cell culture --- organ-on-chips --- lung epithelial cell --- surfactant protein --- angiogenesis --- shear stress --- biomechanics --- vessel branching --- beating force --- bio-mechanical property --- cardiac 3D tissue --- human induced pluripotent Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CM) --- tissue engineering --- vacuum chuck --- barrier permeability --- epithelial–endothelial interface --- paracellular/transcellular transport --- organ-on-chip --- MEMS --- silicon --- PDMS --- membranes --- cell --- strain --- stress --- lattice light-sheet microscopy --- 3D cell culture system --- functional neuron imaging --- 3D cell culture --- neuronal cells --- SH-SY5Y cells --- image-based screening --- nanogrooves --- neuronal cell networks --- neuronal guidance --- drug metabolism --- biomimetic oxidation --- microfluidics --- organ-on-a-chip --- liver-on-a-chip --- liver-on-a-chip --- drug hepatotoxicity --- drug metabolism --- organoid --- 3D cell culture --- spheroid array --- high-throughput screening --- drug efficacy --- organ-on-a-chip (OOC) --- microfluidic device --- mechanical cue --- shear flow --- compression --- stretch --- strain --- syringe pump --- integrated pump --- passive delivery --- organs-on-chips --- microfluidics --- drug absorption --- fluoroelastomer --- ischemia/reperfusion injury --- thrombolysis --- organ-on-a-chip --- endothelial cell activation --- microfluidics --- microfabrication --- organ-on-a-chip --- trans-epithelial electrical resistance --- multi-culture --- n/a
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Microfluidics-based devices play an important role in creating realistic microenvironments in which cell cultures can thrive. They can, for example, be used to monitor drug toxicity and perform medical diagnostics, and be in a static-, perfusion- or droplet-based device. They can also be used to study cell-cell, cell-matrix or cell-surface interactions. Cells can be either single cells, 3D cell cultures or co-cultures. Other organisms could include bacteria, zebra fish embryo, C. elegans, to name a few.
instrumentation --- microfluidic flow cytometry --- intracellular proteins --- absolute quantification --- cells-in-gels-in-paper --- cancer metastasis --- cell motility --- cancer stem cell --- drug resistance --- laminar flows --- paracrine signaling --- co-culture --- microfluidic device --- target cell-specific binding molecules --- screening --- adherent cells --- pneumatic microvalve --- cell homogenous dispersion structure --- bacterial concentration --- capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) --- capillary --- E. coli --- printed-circuit-board (PCB) --- microfluidics --- single-cell manipulation --- single-cell analysis --- micropipette aspiration --- microfluidics --- single-cell mechanics --- Wheatstone bridge --- cbNIPD --- fnRBC --- capture efficiency --- microfluidics --- nanostructure --- on-chip cell incubator --- periodic hydrostatic pressure --- periodic pressure --- time-lapse observation --- cell growth --- simultaneous multiple chamber observation --- microfluidics --- 3D printing --- zebrafish embryo --- embryogenesis --- sample preparation --- nucleic acid --- DNA --- RNA --- microscopy --- microfluidics --- microfabrication --- biomedical engineering --- microfluidics --- 3D flow focusing --- 3D particle focusing --- particle/cell imaging --- bioMEMS --- unsupervised learning --- neural networks --- variational inference --- n/a
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The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis is an interdisciplinary subject that demands the integration of several research fields, such as biotechnology, medicine, chemistry, informatics, optics, electronics, mechanics, and micro/nanotechnologies. Over the last few decades, there has been a notably fast development in the miniaturization of mechanical microdevices, later known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which combine electrical and mechanical components at a microscale level. The integration of microflow and optical components in MEMS microdevices, as well as the development of micropumps and microvalves, have promoted the interest of several research fields dealing with fluid flow and transport phenomena happening in microscale devices. Microfluidic systems have many advantages over their macroscale counterparts, offering the ability to work with small sample volumes, providing good manipulation and control of samples, decreasing reaction times, and allowing parallel operations in one single step. As a consequence, microdevices offer great potential for the development of portable and point-of-care diagnostic devices, particularly for blood analysis. Moreover, the recent progress in nanotechnology has contributed to its increasing popularity, and has expanded the areas of application of microfluidic devices, including in the manipulation and analysis of flows on the scale of DNA, proteins, and nanoparticles (nanoflows). In this Special Issue, we invited contributions (original research papers, review articles, and brief communications) that focus on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis, micro- and nanofluidics, technologies for flow visualization, MEMS, biochips, and lab-on-a-chip devices and their application to research and industry. We hope to provide an opportunity to the engineering and biomedical community to exchange knowledge and information and to bring together researchers who are interested in the general field of MEMS and micro/nanofluidics and, especially, in its applications to biomedical areas.
cell analysis --- lens-less --- microfluidic chip --- twin-image removal --- POCT --- red blood cell (RBC) aggregation --- multiple microfluidic channels --- master molder using xurography technique --- RBC aggregation index --- modified conventional erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) method --- regression analysis --- biomicrofluidics --- red blood cells --- deformability --- velocity --- centrifugal microfluidic device --- CEA detection --- density medium --- fluorescent chemiluminescence --- multinucleated cells --- XTC-YF cells --- morphological analysis --- Y-27632 --- hydrophobic dish --- red blood cells --- Lattice–Boltzmann method --- finite element method --- immersed boundary method --- narrow rectangular microchannel --- computational biomechanics --- microfluidics --- mechanophenotyping --- cancer --- metastatic potential --- cell adhesion --- biomedical coatings --- microfabrication --- computational fluid dynamics --- microfluidics --- microfluidics --- red blood cells (RBCs) --- microfabrication --- polymers --- separation and sorting techniques --- microfluidic devices --- cell deformability --- chronic renal disease --- diabetes --- red blood cells (RBCs) --- hyperbolic microchannel --- blood on chips --- suspension --- rheology --- power-law fluid --- circular microchannel --- pressure-driven flow --- particle tracking velocimetry --- microstructure --- n/a
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Neural electrodes enable the recording and stimulation of bioelectrical activity in the nervous system. This technology provides neuroscientists with the means to probe the functionality of neural circuitry in both health and disease. In addition, neural electrodes can deliver therapeutic stimulation for the relief of debilitating symptoms associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and may serve as the basis for the restoration of sensory perception through peripheral nerve and brain regions after disease or injury. Lastly, microscale neural electrodes recording signals associated with volitional movement in paralyzed individuals can be decoded for controlling external devices and prosthetic limbs or driving the stimulation of paralyzed muscles for functional movements. In spite of the promise of neural electrodes for a range of applications, chronic performance remains a goal for long-term basic science studies, as well as clinical applications. New perspectives and opportunities from fields including tissue biomechanics, materials science, and biological mechanisms of inflammation and neurodegeneration are critical to advances in neural electrode technology. This Special Issue will address the state-of-the-art knowledge and emerging opportunities for the development and demonstration of advanced neural electrodes.
neural interface --- silicon carbide --- robust microelectrode --- microelectrode array --- liquid crystal elastomer --- neuronal recordings --- neural interfacing --- micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies --- microelectromechanical systems --- neuroscientific research --- magnetic coupling --- freely-behaving --- microelectrodes --- in vivo electrophysiology --- neural interfaces --- enteric nervous system --- conscious recording --- electrode implantation --- intracranial electrodes --- foreign body reaction --- electrode degradation --- glial encapsulation --- electrode array --- microelectrodes --- neural recording --- silicon probe --- three-dimensional --- electroless plating --- intracortical implant --- microelectrodes --- stiffness --- immunohistochemistry --- immune response --- neural interface response --- neural interface --- micromachine --- neuroscience --- biocompatibility --- training --- education --- diversity --- bias --- BRAIN Initiative --- multi-disciplinary --- micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) --- n/a --- silicon neural probes --- LED chip --- thermoresistance --- temperature monitoring --- optogenetics --- microfluidic device --- chronic implantation --- gene modification --- neural recording --- neural amplifier --- microelectrode array --- intracortical --- sensor interface --- windowed integration sampling --- mixed-signal feedback --- multiplexing --- amorphous silicon carbide --- neural stimulation and recording --- insertion force --- microelectrodes --- neural interfaces --- intracortical --- microelectrodes --- shape-memory-polymer --- electrophysiology --- electrode --- artifact --- electrophysiology --- electrochemistry --- fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) --- neurotechnology --- neural interface --- neuromodulation --- neuroprosthetics --- brain-machine interfaces --- intracortical implant --- microelectrodes --- softening --- immunohistochemistry --- immune response --- neural interface --- shape memory polymer --- deep brain stimulation --- fast scan cyclic voltammetry --- dopamine --- glassy carbon electrode --- magnetic resonance imaging --- system-on-chip --- neuromodulation --- bidirectional --- closed-loop --- sciatic nerve --- vagus nerve --- precision medicine --- neural probe --- intracortical --- microelectrodes --- bio-inspired --- polymer nanocomposite --- cellulose nanocrystals --- photolithography --- Parylene C --- impedance --- Utah electrode arrays --- electrode–tissue interface --- peripheral nerves --- wireless --- implantable --- microstimulators --- neuromodulation --- peripheral nerve stimulation --- neural prostheses --- microelectrode --- neural interfaces --- dextran --- neural probe --- microfabrication --- foreign body reaction --- immunohistochemistry --- polymer --- chronic --- electrocorticography --- ECoG --- micro-electrocorticography --- µECoG --- neural electrode array --- neural interfaces --- electrophysiology --- brain–computer interface --- in vivo imaging --- tissue response --- graphene --- n/a
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