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It is well-known by now that the angular momentum carried by elementary particles can be categorized as spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). In the early 1900s, Poynting recognized that a particle, such as a photon, can carry SAM, which has only two possible states, i.e., clockwise and anticlockwise circular polarization states. However, only fairly recently, in 1992, Allen et al. discovered that photons with helical phase fronts can carry OAM, which has infinite orthogonal states. In the past two decades, the OAM-carrying beam, due to its unique features, has gained increasing interest from many different research communities, including physics, chemistry, and engineering. Its twisted phase front and intensity distribution have enabled a variety of applications, such as micromanipulation, laser beam machining, nonlinear matter interactions, imaging, sensing, quantum cryptography and classical communications. This book aims to explore novel insights of OAM beams. It focuses on state-of-the-art advances in fundamental theories, devices and applications, as well as future perspectives of OAM beams.

free-space optical communications --- orbital angular momentum --- turbulence mitigation --- helicity --- chirality --- orbital angular momentum --- dual symmetry --- light–matter interactions --- bi-isotropic media --- nonlinear optics --- metasurfaces --- structured light --- orbital angular momentum --- long period fiber grating --- mode selective coupler --- photonics lantern --- microstructure optical fiber --- orbital angular momentum --- phase mode --- twisted waves --- radio frequency --- receiver --- pseudo-Doppler --- interpolation --- multi-input multi-output --- MIMO --- frequency-domain --- time-gated frequency-shift interpolation --- orbital angular momentum multiplexing --- OAM --- OAM-MIMO --- 28 GHz --- uniform circular array --- dielectric lens --- mode division multiplexing --- orbital angular momentum --- photonic lantern --- Pancharatnam–Berry optical elements --- silicon metasurfaces --- mode division multiplexing --- orbital angular momentum --- polarization division multiplexing --- electron beam lithography --- subwavelength digital gratings --- nanofabrication --- reactive ion etching --- orbital angular momentum --- tunable OAM --- Poincaré sphere --- state of polarization --- n/a