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As discussed in this chapter, the commercialization and adoption bottlenecks for these moderately complex diagnostics cannot be overcome by technological innovation alone, particularly in the highly regulated and payer-limited healthcare and public health markets. Diagnostics, unlike other clinical products, is not an intervention but a decision-aid that guides the use (or nonuse) of an intervention. It is important that the value proposition for any technology-centric innovation in diagnostics include a strong link to a gained efficiency in making a specific decision. Any assay developed without context to the system, users, decision points, and downstream interventions resembles one that is more targeted to the research community, rather than clinical care or public health.

user needs --- developing diagnostics

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La loi du 11 février 2005, qui consacre le passage de l'intégration à l'inclusion des personnes en situation de handicap, est devenue emblématique dans le champ scolaire. En France, le nombre d’élèves handicapés scolarisés en milieu ordinaire a connu une progression de près de 80 % depuis 2006. Mais l'école peut-elle s’adapter à tout type de déficience ? Jusqu’où le cadre institutionnel, et les professionnels qui le font « tenir » au quotidien, peut-il s’adapter aux exigences de la différenciation pédagogique que nécessitent ces élèves ? Faut-il dès lors inventer de nouveaux métiers d’accompagnement des parcours ? Ou enrichir le curriculum de formation de manière à mieux outiller les enseignants ? Et du côté des élèves et de leurs familles, quels types d’expériences scolaires le handicap peut-il susciter ? Le fonctionnement à la fois public et intime de l’institution scolaire ouvre ainsi de nouvelles pistes et catégories d’analyse pour penser notre société à l’épreuve (civique) de la diversité et de l’altérité. Ce cinquième opus des Entretiens Ferdinand Buisson propose des pistes opérationnelles et favorise les interactions entre recherches universitaires et pratiques professionnelles sur cette question sensible.

inclusion --- disability --- special needs --- special education

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The author addresses two groundbreaking questions: What significance does the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities have for special educational thinking and action? And how important is disability in the human rights debate? By describing the specific risk situations of people with disabilities, the author creates the basis for a reflection on the claims of justification and validity on the part of philosophy and points of departure for the special educational discussion.

Disability --- Human rights --- Special education --- special needs --- Behinderung --- Menschenrechte --- Sonderpädagogik

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In this Special Issue of Brain Sciences, we will be discussing “Mental Illness in Children” from a range of perspectives, exploring the prevalence and recognition of mental disorders in children, the types of disorders and approaches to meeting their needs, and the complexity and severity of mental health problems in children. We look to what models of care best respond to children’s needs, the identification and management of risk, and the expertise needed to appropriately and effectively intervene when children need mental health care. We will welcome articles describing the range of issues that impact on mental disorder in children; models of intervention implemented and evaluated; new data on prevalence and nature of disorder; and critical reviews on mental health problems and vulnerability. We look forward to your valuable contribution to this Special Issue for this journal.

Mental health problems in children --- Prevalence --- Models of intervention --- Evaluation of care --- Emerging trends and needs

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In OECD countries the average expenditure on primary and secondary education institutions is about 3.5% of GDP. The investment in education has large implications for economic development and the proper functioning of democratic institutions, as well as overall well-being. However, clear consensus and guidance on which system leads to the best educational outcomes is lacking. This volume describes the resource allocation for compulsory and special needs education for a selection of well-performing countries and regions on PISA tests. By studying the funding systems in well-performing countries and regions the authors identify the elements in the respective funding systems that are associated with best outcomes and have the ideal characteristics to pursue particular goals of education systems such as equity and efficiency. The funding methods of primary and secondary education as well as special needs education are covered.

Resource allocation --- Funding mechanisms --- Primary education --- Secondary Education --- Special Needs Education --- Equity --- Efficiency