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The Close Linkage between Nutrition and Environment through Biodiversity and Sustainability: Local Foods, Traditional Recipes, and Sustainable Diets” is focused on the close correlation between the potential benefits and “functional role” of food and territory, and it includes papers on the characterization of local foods and traditional recipes as well as on the promotion of traditional dietary patterns and sustainable diets.

Italian garlic --- carbohydrates --- fructans --- dietary fibre --- soluble sugars --- cultivar --- environmental conditions --- agave sap --- actinomycetes --- anticancer activity --- saponins --- metabolomics --- ecosystem goods and services --- environmental sustainability --- livelihood needs --- Schinziophyton rautanenii --- Southern Africa --- sustainable development goals --- sustainable diets --- alkaloids --- antimicrobial activity --- germplasm --- Klebsiella --- landraces --- lupanine --- Pseudomonas --- varieties --- traditional food --- antimicrobial --- bioassay --- PIRG --- fractions --- consumer culture theory --- post millennials --- cheese --- loyalty --- Cyprus --- traditional food --- traditional sausages --- conventional sausages --- traditional hams --- conventional hams --- traditional meat products --- pork --- fatty acids --- mountain --- sustainability --- altitude --- food --- health --- FTIR-ATR --- traditional Italian recipes --- chemometrics --- PCA --- Olea europaea L. --- olive oil --- geographical origin --- processing system --- harvesting time --- olive oil quality --- fatty acid composition --- sensorial evaluation --- consumer preferences --- agro-ecology biodiversity --- climate resilience --- health --- local foods --- bioactive components --- traditional recipes --- traditional dietary patterns --- edible plants --- Mediterranean --- innovative gastronomy --- tetraploid wheat --- metallomics --- macronutrients --- micronutrients --- plants adaptability --- Provolone del Monaco --- traditional foods --- biodiversity --- sustainability --- nutritional composition --- bioactive components --- typical/local foods --- environmental and socio-demographic factors --- traditional recipes --- sustainable diets --- traditional dietary patterns --- Food Composition Databases

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Growing evidence shows that a dietary pattern inspired by Mediterranean dietprinciples is associated with numerous health benefits. A Mediterranean-typediet has been demonstrated to exert a preventive effect toward cardiovasculardiseases, in both Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations. Part ofthese properties may depend on a positive action toward healthier metabolism,decreasing the risk of diabetes and metabolic-syndrome-related conditions.Some studies also suggested a potential role in preventing certain cancers. Finally,newer research has showed that a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet isassociated with a lower risk of cognitive decline, depression, and other mentaldisorders. Overall, a better understanding of the key elements of this dietarypattern, the underlying mechanisms, and targets, are needed to corroboratecurrent evidence and provide insights on new and potential outcomes.ThisSpecial Issue welcomes original research and reviews of literature concerningthe Mediterranean diet and various health outcomes:Observational studies onestablished nutritional cohorts (preferred), case-control studies, or populationsample on the association with non-communicable diseases;Level of evidenceon the association with human health, including systematic reviews and metaanalyses;Evaluation of application of Mediterranean diet principles in non-Mediterranean countries;Description of mechanisms of action, pathways, andtargets at the molecular level, including interaction with gut microbiota.

Mediterranean diet --- dietary intervention --- diet --- nutrition --- translation --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease --- cardiovascular disease --- Mediterranean diet --- physical activity --- self-concept --- socioeconomic factors --- Mediterranean diet --- diabetes --- cardiovascular risk --- glucose control --- plasma lipids --- relative Mediterranean diet score --- Mediterranean diet --- questionnaire --- children --- adolescents --- obesity --- Mediterranean diet --- athletes --- Spain --- dietary intake --- catechins --- resveratrol --- olive oil --- wine --- BMI --- Mediterranean diet --- barriers --- dietary change --- childbearing age --- diet quality --- depressive symptoms --- risk factors --- epidemiology --- immune system --- prevention --- hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-HPA axis --- Mediterranean diet --- motivational climate --- sports --- university students --- Mediterranean diet --- metabolomics --- microbiome --- Mediterranean diet --- DNA damage --- DNA repair --- telomere length --- dietary intervention study --- Mediterranean diet --- sleep quality --- cognitive decline --- dementia --- weight status --- mental health --- obesity --- cohort --- Italy --- Mediterranean diet --- quality of life --- mental health --- fruit --- vegetable --- dairy --- nuts --- fish --- whole-grain --- food groups --- Mediterranean diet --- pregnancy --- offspring --- child health --- Mediterranean diet --- Mediterranean diet pyramid --- noncommunicable diseases --- Mediterranean Diet --- public health policy --- childhood obesity --- healthy lifestyle --- health communication --- n/a

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In the last few decades, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has distinguished itself as one of the most rapidly advancing spectroscopic techniques. Mainly known as an analytical tool useful for sample characterization and content quantification, NIR spectroscopy is essential in various other fields, e.g. NIR imaging techniques in biophotonics, medical applications or used for characterization of food products. Its contribution in basic science and physical chemistry should be noted as well, e.g. in exploration of the nature of molecular vibrations or intermolecular interactions. One of the current development trends involves the miniaturization and simplification of instrumentation, creating prospects for the spread of NIR spectrometers at a consumer level in the form of smartphone attachments—a breakthrough not yet accomplished by any other analytical technique. A growing diversity in the related methods and applications has led to a dispersion of these contributions among disparate scientific communities. The aim of this Special Issue was to bring together the communities that may perceive NIR spectroscopy from different perspectives. It resulted in 30 contributions presenting the latest advances in the methodologies essential in near-infrared spectroscopy in a variety of applications.

hyperspectral imaging --- variety discrimination --- Chrysanthemum --- deep convolutional neural network --- DNA --- FTIR spectroscopy --- rapid identification --- PLS-DA --- animal origin --- near-infrared hyperspectral imaging --- raisins --- support vector machine --- pixel-wise --- object-wise --- maize kernel --- hyperspectral imaging technology --- accelerated aging --- principal component analysis --- support vector machine model --- standard germination tests --- blackberries --- Rubus fructicosus --- phenolics --- carotenoids --- bioanalytical applications --- near infrared --- chemometrics --- VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging --- corn seed --- classification --- freeze-damaged --- image processing --- imaging visualization --- wavelength selection --- NIR spectroscopy --- binary dragonfly algorithm --- ensemble learning --- quantitative analysis modeling --- NIR --- SCiO --- pocket-sized spectrometer --- cheese --- fat --- moisture --- multivariate data analysis --- Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy --- glucose --- fructose --- dry matter --- partial least square regression --- Ewing sarcoma --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- FTIR --- chemotherapy --- bone cancer --- calibration transfer --- NIR spectroscopy --- PLS --- quantitative analysis model --- melamine --- FT-IR --- NIR spectroscopy --- quantum chemical calculation --- anharmonic calculation --- overtones --- combination bands --- near infrared spectroscopy --- Trichosanthis Fructus --- geographical origin --- chemometric techniques --- crude drugs --- prepared slices --- support vector machine-discriminant analysis --- near-infrared fluorescence --- fluorescent probes --- Zn(II) --- di-(2-picolyl)amine --- living cells --- cellular imaging --- near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy --- calibration transfer --- affine invariance --- multivariate calibration --- partial least squares (PLS) --- NIR --- direct model transferability --- MicroNIR™ --- SVM --- hier-SVM --- SIMCA --- PLS-DA --- TreeBagger --- PLS --- calibration transfer --- agriculture --- photonics --- imaging --- spectral imaging --- spectroscopy --- handheld near-infrared spectroscopy --- pasta/sauce blends --- partial least squares calibration --- nutritional parameters --- bootstrapping soft shrinkage --- partial least squares --- extra virgin olive oil --- adulteration --- FT-NIR spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- ethanol --- anharmonic quantum mechanical calculations --- isotopic substitution --- overtones --- combinations bands --- seeds vitality --- rice seeds --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- hyperspectral image --- discriminant analysis --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- counter propagation artificial neural network --- detection --- auxiliary diagnosis --- BRAF V600E mutation --- colorectal cancer --- tissue --- paraffin-embedded --- deparaffinized --- stained --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- Folin–Ciocalteu --- total hydroxycinnamic derivatives --- phytoextraction --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- origin traceability --- data fusion --- Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis --- Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- aquaphotomics --- water --- light --- near infrared spectroscopy --- water-mirror approach --- perturbation --- biomeasurements --- biodiagnosis --- biomonitoring --- Vitis vinifera L. --- proximal sensing --- precision viticulture --- near infrared --- chemometrics --- non-destructive sensor --- NIRS --- osteopathy --- late preterm --- brain --- splanchnic --- Raman spectroscopy --- hyperspectral imaging --- analytical spectroscopy --- counterfeit and substandard pharmaceuticals --- DFT calculations --- chemometrics --- PLSR --- API --- lumefantrine --- artemether --- antimalarial tablets --- FT-NIR spectroscopy --- PLS-R --- water --- glucose --- test set validation --- RMSEP --- hyperspectral image processing --- perfusion measurements --- clinical classifications --- n/a