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Tea, made from the leaves of the Camellia senenisis plant, is the second most consumed beverage worldwide after water. Accumulating evidence from cellular, animal, epidemiological and clinical studies have linked tea consumption to various health benefits, such as chemoprevention of cancers, chronic inflammation, heart and liver diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Although such health benefits have not been consistently observed in some intervention trials, positive results from clinical trials have provided direct evidence supporting the cancer-protective effect of green tea. In addition, numerous mechanisms of action have been suggested to contribute to tea’s disease-preventive effects. Furthermore, effects of the processing and storage of tea, as well as additives on tea’s properties have been investigated.

Camellia sinensis --- epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) --- theanine --- caffeine --- Alzheimer’s disease --- Parkinson’s disease --- EGCG --- 6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene --- neuroblastoma --- BE(2)-C --- N-MYC --- neuro-sphere --- polyphenol --- Liubao tea --- hepatic damage --- mRNA expression --- protein expression --- adrenal hypertrophy --- anxiety --- caffeine --- catechin --- green tea --- matcha --- salivary ?-amylase activity --- stress-reduction --- theanine --- tea consumption --- fracture --- cohort study --- ERCC1/XPF --- cisplatin --- DNA repair --- chemoresistance --- green tea polyphenols --- kudingcha --- yerba mate --- yaupon holly --- guayusa --- caffeine --- polyphenols --- tea --- polyphenols --- bioaccessibility --- nutraceutical --- microbiota --- Rosmarinic acid --- suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) --- histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) --- p53 --- cell cycle arrest and apoptosis --- green tea catechins --- epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) --- 67LR --- cancer apoptosis --- cell death --- chemoprevention --- gene expression --- cancer --- EGCG --- diseases --- green tea --- tea polyphenols --- anti-oxidant --- anti-photoaging --- heme oxygenase-1 --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) --- green tea --- oxalate --- renal stone --- calcium oxalate monohydrate --- hypercalciuria --- n/a

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Natural products and the preparations based on them play a stable and ever-increasing role in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture, in food and the cosmetic industry, and in an increasing number of other fields. Their importance is based on the fact that they are mostly bound to renewable sources, which in fact makes them valuable within a circular economy, inter alia. At the same time, natural products provide the origin of stereochemistry, optical activity, regioselectivity, chirality, and many other concepts and directions within science, development, and industry in a scope, which is indispensable. They serve as a constant powerful stimulus and model that inspires researchers to create new effective tools, similar to natural ones, for controlling bioregulation mechanisms and solving practical problems. This was the reason for organizing this Special Issue aimed at underlining the current developments in all the fields connected to natural products.

insect sex pheromone --- tea tussock moth --- total synthesis --- resource chemistry --- phycocyanin --- biosynthesis --- antioxidant --- Spirulina --- gene expression --- apo-CpcB --- Plantago depressa --- octadecanoid --- fatty acid --- natural enantiomer --- anti-inflammation --- soy protein isolate --- bromelain --- triglycidylamine --- viscosity --- water resistance --- adhesive --- Ramulus mori --- polysaccharides --- bioactivity --- synthesis of natural products --- varioxiranol A --- 4-epi-varioxiranol A --- absolute structure --- Emericella variecolor --- caffeoylquinic acids --- chlorogenic acid --- derivatives --- lipid-lowering effects --- oleic acid-elicited --- HepG2 cells --- isosorbide --- reversible urethane linkages --- cell opening --- antioxidant activity --- radical scavenger --- flexible polyurethane foam --- tomato --- SlCOMT1 --- melatonin --- genetical transformation --- salt stress --- natural product --- RiPP --- ribosomally synthesized --- post-translationally modified peptides --- rheumatoid arthritis --- natural products --- polyphenol --- flavonoids --- phenolic acid --- stilbene --- ginkgolide --- platelet-activating factor receptor --- inhibitor --- pinocembrin --- microbial biosynthesis --- pharmacological activities --- pharmacokinetic features --- research progress --- triterpenoids --- bardoxolone methyl --- anticancer drug --- mitochondria --- apoptosis --- cancer cells --- cytotoxicity --- flow cytometry --- live-cell fluorescence microscopy --- PEGylated purpurin 18 --- photodynamic therapy --- photosensitizer --- phototoxicity --- singlet oxygen --- n/a

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Plants possess a rather complex and efficient immune system. During their evolutionary history, plants have developed various defense strategies in order to recognize and distinguishing between self and non-self, and face pathogens and animal pests. Accordingly, to study the plant innate immunity represents a new frontier in the plant pathology and crop protection fields. This book is structured in 6 sections. The first part introduces some basic and general aspects of the plant innate immunity and crop protection. Sections 2–5 focus on fungal and oomycete diseases (section 2), bacterial and phytoplasma diseases (section 3), virus diseases (section 4), and insect pests (section 5), with a number of case studies and plant–pathogen/pest interactions. The last section deals with plant disease detection and control. The book aims to highlight new trends in these relevant areas of plant sciences, providing a global perspective that is useful for future and innovative ideas.

dieback --- disease management --- Lasiodiplodia theobromae --- mango --- pathogenicity --- Bromoviridae --- plant–virus interactions --- plant defense response --- Prune dwarf virus --- replication process --- systemic and local movement --- plant proteases --- plant immunity --- MTI --- ETI --- SAR --- ISR --- RNA silencing --- RTNLB --- Agrobacterium --- biotic stress responses --- calcium --- calcium signature --- calmodulin --- CMLs --- CDPKs --- plant immunity --- symbiosis --- cell wall --- cellulose synthase --- hypersensitive response --- pathogenesis related-protein 2 --- plant-virus interaction --- Potato virus Y --- ultrastructure --- aphid resistance --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- hydroperoxide lyase --- Macrosiphum euphorbiae --- Myzus persicae --- Solanum lycopersicum --- ?-3 fatty acid desaturase --- Arabidopsis --- azelaic acid --- glycerol-3-phosphate --- light dependent signalling --- methyl salicylate --- N-hydroxypipecolic acid --- pipecolic acid --- salicylic acid --- SAR signalling --- spectral distribution of light --- tobacco --- rice --- Chilo suppressalis --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 --- jasmonic acid --- salicylic acid --- ethylene --- herbivore-induced defense response --- downy mildew --- grapevine --- PRRs --- PTI --- VaHAESA --- bismerthiazol --- rice --- induced defense responses --- chemical elicitors --- Sogatella furcifera --- defense-related signaling pathways --- tomato gray mold --- tomato leaf mold --- Bacillus subtilis --- biological control --- Capsicum annuum --- Ralstonia solanacearum --- CaWRKY40b --- immunity --- negative regulator --- transcriptional modulation --- Capsicum annuum --- CaWRKY22 --- immunity --- Ralstonia Solanacearum --- WRKY networks --- metabolomics --- plant defence --- plant–microbe interactions --- priming --- pre-conditioning --- citrus decline disease --- Citrus sinensis --- Bakraee --- “Candidatus Liberibacter” --- “Candidatus Phytoplasma” --- microbiota --- innate immunity --- basal defense --- rice blast --- Magnaporthe oryzae --- proteomics --- iTRAQ --- candidate disease resistance gene --- disease resistance --- downy mildew --- garden impatiens --- leaf transcriptome --- New Guinea impatiens --- RNA-Seq --- polyphenol oxidase --- Camellia sinensis --- Ectropis obliqua --- wounding --- regurgitant --- rice --- OsGID1 --- gibberellin --- herbivore-induced plant defenses --- Nilaparvata lugens --- plant protection products --- agrochemicals --- sustainable crop protection --- food security

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The Special Issue “Extractable and Non-Extractable Antioxidants” gives an updated view on antioxidants—both in their extractable and non-extractable form—in the different food groups, their products thereof, and food preparations as well as byproducts and biomass waste. The potential beneficial properties of these compounds and nutraceutical formulations are described in the various studies covered in this Special Issue.

anthocyanins --- polyphenolic compounds --- classic extraction --- ultrasound assisted extraction --- antioxidant capacity --- daidzein --- cyclodextrin --- inclusion complex --- antioxidant activity --- trans-cinnamaldehyde --- ?-cyclodextrin --- self-inclusion --- anti-inflammation --- antioxidant --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- antioxidant activity --- polyphenols --- digestibility --- fermentation --- cereals --- legumes --- Chinese mistletoes --- phenolics --- phenolic contents --- antioxidant activity --- forest residues --- phenolic compounds --- natural antioxidants --- quercitrin --- value-added by-products --- Camellia sinensis --- black teas --- catechins --- antioxidant activity --- LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS --- principal component analysis --- extractable --- non-extractable --- antioxidant activity --- agglomerative hierarchical clustering --- principal component analysis --- multivariate analysis --- nuclear magnetic spectroscopy --- nitric oxide scavengers --- pre-column HPLC method --- Aloysia triphylla --- phenolics --- antioxidants --- dietary supplements --- botanicals --- bioactive compounds --- antioxidants --- study approach --- integrated food research --- dedicated databases --- dietary assessment. --- biorefinery --- circular economy --- grape seed --- bio-based --- chemometrics --- Cagnulari marc --- Naviglio Extractor® --- green extraction --- endothelial cell --- oxidative stress --- polyphenols --- berries jam --- phenolic acids --- flavonols glycosides --- degradation --- HPLC-ESI/MS --- antioxidant properties --- digestive enzyme --- nutrient --- polymerization --- proanthocyanidins --- eggplant --- flour --- phenolics --- antioxidant activity --- functional ingredient --- sour cherry --- anthocyanins --- extractable polyphenols --- non-extractable polyphenols --- Italian popular recipes --- food composition database --- antioxidant properties --- extractable compounds --- non-extractable compounds --- ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) --- total polyphenol content (TPC) --- n/a

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This book will provide the most recent knowledge and advances in Sample Preparation Techniques for Separation Science. Everyone working in a laboratory must be familiar with the basis of these technologies, and they often involve elaborate and time-consuming procedures that can take up to 80% of the total analysis time. Sample preparation is an essential step in most of the analytical methods for environmental and biomedical analysis, since the target analytes are often not detected in their in-situ forms, or the results are distorted by interfering species. In the past decade, modern sample preparation techniques have aimed to comply with green analytical chemistry principles, leading to simplification, miniaturization, easy manipulation of the analytical devices, low costs, strong reduction or absence of toxic organic solvents, as well as low sample volume requirements.Modern Sample Preparation Approaches for Separation Science also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and forensic sciences.

vitamins --- extraction --- determination --- review --- sample preparation --- matrix solid phase dispersion --- sorbent --- miniaturization --- on-line --- blueberry --- non-anthocyanin polyphenol --- vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction --- response surface methodology --- desirability function approach --- nail --- curie temperature --- high-frequency heating --- liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry --- caffeine --- amlodipine --- gas chromatography --- hydrogel --- hormones --- pectin --- polyvinyl alcohol --- sample preparation --- in-tube SPME --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- organic-based monoliths --- antipsychotics --- plasma samples --- schizophrenic’ patients --- salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- sugaring-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- hydrophobic-solvent assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- subzero-temperature assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- phenolic compounds --- sorbent-based techniques --- multi-spheres adsorptive micro-extraction (MSA?E) --- floating sampling technology --- caffeine and acetaminophen tracers --- environmental water matrices --- vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction --- China herbal tea --- pesticides residue --- aflatoxins --- UPLC-MS/MS --- vortex-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion --- crab shells --- ionic liquids --- anthraquinones --- Cassiae Semen --- sample preparation --- nanocomposite --- pathogenic --- enrichment --- nucleic acid isolation --- sample preparation with TLC/HPTLC --- solvent front position extraction --- solvent delivery with a moving pipette --- automation --- LC–MS/MS --- environmental analysis --- whole water --- trace analysis --- SPE --- large volume --- in-line filter --- sand --- flow rate --- pharmaceuticals --- hormones --- pesticides --- space instrumentation --- liquid chromatography --- oligopeptides --- trapping system --- membrane-based microextraction --- barbiturates --- simultaneous determination --- whole blood --- urine --- liver --- sample preparation --- oxylipins --- protein precipitation --- liquid–liquid extraction --- solid-phase extraction --- biological samples --- chlorophenoxy acid herbicides --- HPLC --- hydrophobic in-tube solid-phase microextraction --- poly (OMA-co-TRIM) monolithic column --- rice grains --- gold --- sample preparation --- preconcentration --- geological samples