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Over the past two decades, there has been increased attention in the research of nanofluid due to its widely expanded domain in many industrial and technological applications. Major advances in the modeling of key topics such as nanofluid, MHD, heat transfer, convection, porous media, Newtonian/non-Newtonian fluids have been made and finally published in the special issue on recent developments in nanofluids for Applied Sciences. The present attempt is to edit the special issue in a book form. Although, this book is not a formal textbook even than it will definitely be useful for research students and university teachers in overcoming the difficulties occurring in the said topic while dealing with the nonlinear governing equations. On one side the real world problems in mathematics, physics, biomechanics, engineering and other disciplines of sciences are mostly described by the set of nonlinear equations whereas on the other hand, it is often more difficult to get an analytic solution or even a numerical one. This book has successfully handled this challenging job with latest techniques. In addition the findings of the simulation are logically realistic and meet the standard of sufficient scientific value.

Nanofluid flows --- heat transfer --- convection --- thermal effects --- thermal radiations --- magnetohydrodynamics --- viscous fluids --- neural network --- slip --- porosity --- numerical and analytical techniques

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Due to the influence of pore-throat size distribution, pore connectivity, and microscale fractures, the transport, distribution, and residual saturation of fluids in porous media are difficult to characterize. Petrophysical methods in natural porous media have attracted great attention in a variety of fields, especially in the oil and gas industry. A wide range of research studies have been conducted on the characterization of porous media covers and multiphase flow therein. Reliable approaches for characterizing microstructure and multiphase flow in porous media are crucial in many fields, including the characterization of residual water or oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs and the long-term storage of supercritical CO2 in geological formations. This book gathers together 15 recent works to emphasize fundamental innovations in the field and novel applications of petrophysics in unconventional reservoirs, including experimental studies, numerical modeling (fractal approach), and multiphase flow modeling/simulations. The relevant stakeholders of this book are authorities and service companies working in the petroleum, subsurface water resources, air and water pollution, environmental, and biomaterial sectors.

Wilkins equation --- non-laminar flow --- turbulence modelling --- porous media --- oil tanker --- temperature drop --- oscillating motion --- numerical simulation --- soil-water characteristic curve --- initial void ratio --- air-entry value --- fractal dimension --- fractal model --- oil properties --- diffusion coefficient --- supercritical CO2 --- Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) --- CT --- digital rock --- microfractures --- Lattice Boltzmann method --- pore-scale simulations --- tight sandstone --- pore structure --- multifractal --- classification --- Ordos Basin --- loose media --- coal --- porosity --- true density --- bulk density --- overburden pressure --- particle size --- tight conglomerate --- fracture characterization and prediction --- fractal method --- salt rock --- creep --- damage --- fractional derivative --- acoustic emission --- marine gas hydrate --- submarine landslide --- greenhouse gas emission --- lifecycle management --- hazard prevention --- multilayer reservoir --- interlayer interference --- producing degree --- seepage resistance --- wellbore multiphase flow --- inclined angle --- liquid rate --- gas rate --- pressure drawdown model with new coefficients --- base-level cycle --- pore structure --- mouth bar sand body --- Huanghua Depression --- isotopic composition --- methane --- gas hydrate --- South China Sea --- Bakken Formation --- pore structure --- controlling factors --- low-temperature nitrogen adsorption --- petrophysics --- fractal porous media --- unconventional reservoirs --- multiphase flow

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The massive increase in energy demand and the related rapid development of unconventional reservoirs has opened up exciting new energy supply opportunities along with new, seemingly intractable engineering and research challenges. The energy industry has primarily depended on a heuristic approach—rather than a systematic approach—to optimize and tackle the various challenges when developing new and improving the performance of existing unconventional reservoirs. Industry needs accurate estimations of well production performance and of the cumulative estimated ultimate reserves, accounting for uncertainty. This Special Issue presents 10 original and high-quality research articles related to the modeling of unconventional reservoirs, which showcase advanced methods for fractured reservoir simulation, and improved production forecasting techniques.

Cyclic CH4 injection --- enhanced oil recovery --- nanopore confinement --- molecular diffusion --- sensitivity analysis --- fractured reservoir --- line detection --- semi-analytical model --- EDFM --- fracture modeling --- well spacing --- shale gas --- natural fractures --- embedded discrete fracture model --- well interference --- pore network --- flow models --- bottomhole pressure --- bubble point pressure --- cluster efficiency --- perforating number --- Changning shale gas --- multiple fracture propagation --- Austin Chalk --- Eagle Ford shale --- hydraulic fracturing --- pressure communication --- production uplifts --- shale gas --- stimulated reservoir volume --- microseismic --- hydraulic fracture closure --- production history matching --- low-permeability reservoir --- staged fracturing horizontal well --- mimetic finite difference method --- discrete fracture model --- fracture properties --- EUR --- infill wells --- (re)fracturing --- pressure depletion --- naturally fractured reservoirs --- time of flight --- particle paths --- enhanced permeability --- flow modeling --- natural fractures --- hydraulic fractures --- drained rock volume --- fracture porosity --- hydraulic fracturing --- hydraulic fracturing test site --- wolfcamp formation --- midland basin

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In the industrial manufacturing of metals, the achievement of products featuring desired characteristics always requires the control of process parameters in order to obtain a suitable microstructure. The strict relationship among process parameters, microstructure, and mechanical properties is a matter of interest in different areas, such as foundry, plastic forming, sintering, welding, etc., and regards both well-established and innovative processes. Nowadays, circular economy and sustainable technological development are dominant paradigms and impose an optimized use of resources, a lower energetic impact of industrial processes and new tasks for materials and products. In this frame, this Special Issue covers a broad range of research works and contains research and review papers.

titanium composites --- in situ secondary phases --- microstructure --- inductive hot pressing --- intermetallic --- bainite rail --- tempering --- retained austenite --- tensile property --- impact toughness --- cryorolling --- reduction --- ultrafine grain --- secondary recrystallization --- high strength --- microstructure inhomogeneity --- non-monotonic simple shear strains --- shear strain reversal --- severe plastic deformation --- texture inhomogeneity --- tensile properties --- Mg-10Y-6Gd-1.5Zn-0.5Zr --- ultra-fine grain --- aging treatment --- precipitation behavior --- mechanical property --- multimodal --- AZ91 alloy --- equal channel angular pressing --- aging --- high pressure die casting --- aluminum alloy --- prediction model --- process monitoring --- static mechanical behavior --- fracture surface --- microstructure. --- casting --- Al 6061 alloys --- shrinkage --- porosity --- steering knuckles --- Al alloys --- warm working --- mechanical properties --- dental materials --- metal posts --- computer-aided design (CAD) --- image analysis --- mechanical properties --- finite element analysis --- additive manufacturing --- Al alloys --- wear --- cavitation erosion --- SEM --- microstructure --- high speed steel --- nanostructured coatings --- thin films --- FEGSEM --- tribology --- Nb tube --- caliber-rolling --- grain boundaries --- texture --- electron backscatter diffraction --- damping --- aluminum film --- grain boundary --- anelasticity --- thin aluminum sheet --- alloys --- aeronautic applications --- mechanical properties --- corrosion resistance --- EBM --- SEBM --- macro-instrumented indentation test --- property-microstructure-process relationship --- mechanical properties --- indentation hardness --- indentation modulus --- tensile properties --- Ti-6Al-4V alloy --- ?-platelet thickness --- columnar microstructure --- n/a

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The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.

scanning electron microscope (SEM) images --- permeability --- high temperature --- Darcy’s law --- confining pressures --- chemical grouts --- grain size of sand --- initial water contained in sand --- grouted sand --- macroscopic mechanical behaviors --- microstructure characteristics --- ductile failure --- gas concentration --- gob-side entry retaining (GER) --- limestone roof --- roof-cutting resistance --- roadside backfill body (RBB) --- solid backfill coal mining --- goaf --- water soaked height --- loose gangue backfill material --- deformation --- crushing ratio --- fracture grouting --- cement–silicate grout --- geophysical prospecting --- seepage --- Yellow River Embankment --- contiguous seams --- water-dripping roadway --- roadway deformation --- bolt support --- pervious concrete --- permeability coefficient --- porosity --- pore distribution characteristics --- strength --- soil–structure interface --- internal erosion --- critical hydraulic gradient --- orthogonal tests --- Pseudo Steady-State (PPS) constant --- finite-conductivity fracture --- conductivity-influence function --- normalized conductivity-influence function --- circular closed reservoir --- glutenite --- gravel --- hydraulic fracture --- numerical simulation --- propagation --- glauberite cavern for storing oil &amp --- gas --- thermal-hydrological-chemical interactions --- temperature --- brine concentration --- microstructure --- micro-CT --- damage --- cyclic heating and cooling --- physical and mechanical parameters --- failure mode --- acoustic emission --- anisotropy --- bedding plane orientation --- coal --- gas --- adsorption–desorption --- laboratory experiment --- pore pressure --- hydro-mechanical coupling --- fracture closure --- constitutive model --- effective stress --- debris flow --- dynamic characteristics --- numerical analysis --- debris-resisting barriers --- coal measures sandstone --- creep characteristics --- seepage pressure --- seepage-creep --- microscopic morphology --- Darcy flow --- heterogeneity --- numerical manifold method --- high-order --- refraction law --- hydraulic fracture network --- cohesive element method --- coal seams --- fracture propagation --- discontinuous natural fracture --- secondary fracture --- fault water inrush --- coupled THM model --- nonlinear flow in fractured porous media --- numerical model --- warning levels of fault water inrush --- bentonite-sand mixtures --- differential settlement --- deformation --- hydraulic conductivity --- crack --- geogrid --- enhanced permeability --- deviatoric stress --- mechanical behavior transition --- CH4 seepage --- volumetric strain --- strain-based percolation model --- rock-soil mechanics --- soft filling medium --- segmented grouting --- split grouting --- model experiment --- reinforcement mechanism --- longwall mining --- gob behaviors --- stress relief --- permeability --- gas drainage --- hard and thick magmatic rocks --- orthogonal ratio test --- similar simulation --- fracture --- bed separation --- disaster-causing mechanism --- artificial joint rock --- shear-flow coupled test --- hydraulic aperture --- roughness --- seepage pressure --- mixing --- conservative solute --- fractal --- roughness --- fracture --- transversely isotropic rocks --- failure mechanism --- particle flow modeling --- interface --- n/a --- fractured porous rock mass --- grouting experiment --- visualization system --- flow law --- layered progressive grouting --- sandstone and mudstone particles --- rheological deformation --- segmented rheological model --- rheological limit strain --- rheological test --- water-rock interaction --- dry-wet cycles --- slope stability --- laboratory experiment --- mechanical properties --- Xinjiang --- land reclamation --- management period --- soil particle size --- fluid flow in reclaimed soil --- effluents --- soil properties --- cohesive soils --- contamination --- time variation --- stabilization --- mixer --- viscoelastic fluid --- pore structure --- orthogonal test --- fluid–solid coupling theory --- similar-material --- regression equation --- optimum proportioning --- hydraulic fracturing --- gas fracturing --- oriented perforation --- fracture propagation --- damage mechanics --- fluid viscosity --- CO2 flooding --- supercritical CO2 --- CO2 geological storage --- tight sandstone gas reservoirs --- enhanced gas recovery --- flotation --- coal particle --- collision angle --- initial settlement position --- particle velocity --- adhesion efficiency --- green mining --- paste-like slurry --- XRD --- intelligent torque rheometer --- on-site monitoring --- cyclic wetting-drying --- deterioration --- sandstone --- mudstone --- elastic modulus --- uniaxial compressive strength --- permeability characteristics --- grading broken gangue --- compressive stress --- compression deformation --- mine shaft --- alternate strata --- surrounding rock --- shaft lining --- relief excavation --- consolidation process --- unsaturated soil --- semi-analytical solution --- impeded drainage boundary --- excess pore-pressures --- coalbed methane (CBM) --- soft coal masses --- pore structure --- fractal pore characteristics --- hydraulic fractures --- PPCZ --- multitude parameters --- propagation pattern --- stress interference --- naturally fracture --- filtration effects --- grout penetration --- unified pipe-network method --- two-phase flow --- fractured porous medium --- new cementitious material --- cement-based paste discharge --- XRD --- TG/DTG --- SEM --- MIP --- mechanical behaviors --- rock fracture --- shear-flow coupled test --- constant normal stiffness conditions --- transmissivity --- hydraulic aperture --- water inrush prevention --- backfill mining --- strata movement --- ground pressure --- floor failure depth --- water–rock interaction --- degradation mechanism --- mixed mode fracture resistance --- fracture criteria --- T-stress --- hydro-power --- high-steep slope --- fractured rock --- permeability --- seepage control --- gas-bearing coal --- electrical potential --- charge separation --- gas adsorption --- damage evolution --- Unsaturation --- chloride --- concrete --- coupling model --- numerical calculation --- debris flow --- forecasting --- rainfall-unstable soil coupling mechanism(R-USCM) --- scoops3D --- Jiaohe --- non-aqueous phase liquid --- finite element method --- two-phase flow --- mixed-form formulation --- FLAC --- pore structure --- movable fluid --- tight sandstones --- Ordos Basin --- tectonically deformed coal --- coal and gas outburst --- coal-like material --- mechanical properties --- deformation feature --- adsorption/desorption properties --- minerals --- mechanical properties --- uniaxial compressive strength --- crack distribution characteristics --- discrete element method --- lignite --- nitric acid modification --- pore structure --- surface characteristics --- adsorption performance --- n/a