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Quantum theory has been a subject of interpretational debates ever since its inception. The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, the empirical violation of Bell’s inequalities, and recent activities to exploit quantum entanglement for technological innovation only exacerbate a long-standing philosophical debate. Despite no-signaling theorems and theories of decoherence, deep-rooted conflicts between special relativistic principles and observed quantum correlations as well as between definite measurement outcomes and quantum theoretical superpositions persist.This collection of papers, first presented at an international symposium at the University of Bern in 2011, highlights some recent approaches to the old problems of a philosophy of quantum mechanics. The authors address the issues from a variety of perspectives, ranging from variations of causal theory and system theoretic interpretations of the observer to an empirical test of whether entanglement itself can be entangled. The essays demonstrate that the discussion about the foundations of quantum mechanics is as lively and interesting as ever.

MPRL --- Edition Open Access --- quantum mechanics --- philosophy of science --- history of science --- no-signaling --- decoherence --- causality

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This book consists of the articles published in the special issues of this Symmetry journal based on two-by-two matrices and harmonic oscillators. The book also contains additional articles published by the guest editor in this Symmetry journal. They are of course based on harmonic oscillators and/or two-by-two matrices. The subject of symmetry is based on exactly soluble problems in physics, and the physical theory is not soluble unless it is based on oscillators and/or two-by-two matrices. The authors of those two special issues were aware of this environment when they submitted their articles. This book could therefore serve as an example to illustrate this important aspect of symmetry problems in physics.

Classical and quantum oscillators, Symmetry problems in Fundamental physics, Applied physics --- Frontier physics, Foundations of quantum mechanics,Physical applications of the groups based two-by-two matrices

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Emergent quantum mechanics explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in ""deeper-level"" theories for quantum phenomena challenges the standard, textbook interpretation. The book presents expert views that critically evaluate the significance—for 21st century physics—of ontological quantum mechanics, an approach that David Bohm helped pioneer. The possibility of a deterministic quantum theory was first introduced with the original de Broglie-Bohm theory, which has also been developed as Bohmian mechanics. The wide range of perspectives that were contributed to this book on the occasion of David Bohm’s centennial celebration provide ample evidence for the physical consistency of ontological quantum mechanics. The book addresses deeper-level questions such as the following: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent? As the book demonstrates, the advancement of ‘quantum ontology’—as a scientific concept—marks a clear break with classical reality. The search for quantum reality entails unconventional causal structures and non-classical ontology, which can be fully consistent with the known record of quantum observations in the laboratory.

quantum foundations --- nonlocality --- retrocausality --- Bell’s theorem --- Bohmian mechanics --- quantum theory --- surrealistic trajectories --- Bell inequality --- quantum mechanics --- generalized Lagrangian paths --- covariant quantum gravity --- emergent space-time --- Gaussian-like solutions --- entropy and time evolution --- resonances in quantum systems --- the Friedrichs model --- complex entropy. --- Bell’s theorem --- the causal arrow of time --- retrocausality --- superdeterminism --- toy-models --- quantum ontology --- sub-quantum dynamics --- micro-constituents --- emergent space-time --- emergent quantum gravity --- entropic gravity --- black hole thermodynamics --- Stern-Gerlach --- trajectories --- spin --- Bell theorem --- fractal geometry --- p-adic metric --- singular limit --- gravity --- conspiracy --- free will --- number theory --- quantum potential --- Feynman paths --- weak values --- Bohm theory --- no-hidden-variables theorems --- observables --- measurement problem --- Bohmian mechanics --- primitive ontology --- Retrocausation --- weak values --- Stochastic Electrodynamics --- quantum mechanics --- decoherence --- interpretations --- pilot-wave theory --- Bohmian mechanics --- Born rule statistics --- measurement problem --- quantum thermodynamics --- strong coupling --- operator thermodynamic functions --- quantum theory --- de Broglie–Bohm theory --- contextuality --- atom-surface scattering --- bohmian mechanics --- matter-wave optics --- diffraction --- vortical dynamics --- Schrödinger equation --- de Broglie–Bohm theory --- nonequilibrium thermodynamics --- zero-point field --- de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics --- pilot wave --- interior-boundary condition --- ultraviolet divergence --- quantum field theory --- Aharonov–Bohm effect --- physical ontology --- nomology --- interpretation --- gauge freedom --- Canonical Presentation --- relational space --- relational interpretation of quantum mechanics --- measurement problem --- non-locality --- discrete calculus --- iterant --- commutator --- diffusion constant --- Levi-Civita connection --- curvature tensor --- constraints --- Kilmister equation --- Bianchi identity --- stochastic differential equations --- Monte Carlo simulations --- Burgers equation --- Langevin equation --- fractional velocity --- interpretations of quantum mechanics --- David Bohm --- mind–body problem --- quantum holism --- fundamental irreversibility --- space-time fluctuations --- spontaneous state reduction --- Poincaré recurrence --- symplectic camel --- quantum mechanics --- Hamiltonian --- molecule interference --- matter-waves --- metrology --- magnetic deflectometry --- photochemistry --- past of the photon --- Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- Dove prism --- photon trajectory --- weak measurement --- transition probability amplitude --- atomic metastable states --- Bell’s theorem --- Bohmian mechanics --- nonlocality --- many interacting worlds --- wavefunction nodes --- bouncing oil droplets --- stochastic quantum dynamics --- de Broglie–Bohm theory --- quantum non-equilibrium --- H-theorem --- ergodicity --- ontological quantum mechanics --- objective non-signaling constraint --- quantum inaccessibility --- epistemic agent --- emergent quantum state --- self-referential dynamics --- dynamical chaos --- computational irreducibility --- undecidable dynamics --- Turing incomputability --- quantum ontology --- nonlocality --- time-symmetry --- retrocausality --- quantum causality --- conscious agent --- emergent quantum mechanics --- Bohmian mechanics --- de Broglie-Bohm theory

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This book presents the current views of leading physicists on the bizarre property of quantum theory: nonlocality. Einstein viewed this theory as “spooky action at a distance” which, together with randomness, resulted in him being unable to accept quantum theory. The contributions in the book describe, in detail, the bizarre aspects of nonlocality, such as Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering and quantum teleportation—a phenomenon which cannot be explained in the framework of classical physics, due its foundations in quantum entanglement. The contributions describe the role of nonlocality in the rapidly developing field of quantum information. Nonlocal quantum effects in various systems, from solid-state quantum devices to organic molecules in proteins, are discussed. The most surprising papers in this book challenge the concept of the nonlocality of Nature, and look for possible modifications, extensions, and new formulations—from retrocausality to novel types of multiple-world theories. These attempts have not yet been fully successful, but they provide hope for modifying quantum theory according to Einstein’s vision.

quantum nonlocality --- quantum mechanics --- Stern–Gerlach experiment --- quantum measurement --- pre- and post-selected systems --- retro-causal channel --- channel capacity --- channel entropy --- axioms for quantum theory --- PR box --- nonlocal correlations --- classical limit --- retrocausality --- quantum correlations --- quantum bounds --- nonlocality --- tsallis entropy --- ion channels --- selectivity filter --- quantum mechanics --- non-linear Schrödinger model --- biological quantum decoherence --- non-locality --- parity measurements --- entanglement --- pigeonhole principle --- controlled-NOT --- semiconductor nanodevices --- quantum transport --- density-matrix formalism --- Wigner-function simulations --- nonlocal dissipation models --- steering --- entropic uncertainty relation --- general entropies --- Bell’s theorem --- Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen argument --- local hidden variables --- local realism --- no-signalling --- parallel lives --- local polytope --- quantum nonlocality --- communication complexity --- optimization --- KS Box --- PR Box --- Non-contextuality inequality --- discrete-variable states --- continuous-variable states --- quantum teleportation of unknown qubit --- hybrid entanglement --- collapse of the quantum state --- quantum nonlocality --- communication complexity --- quantum nonlocality --- Bell test --- device-independent --- p-value --- hypothesis testing --- nonsignaling --- EPR steering --- quantum correlation --- non-locality --- entanglement --- uncertainty relations --- nonlocality --- entanglement --- quantum

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This third open access volume of the handbook series deals with accelerator physics, design, technology and operations, as well as with beam optics, dynamics and diagnostics. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access

Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons --- Accelerator Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- Physics of particle detectors --- beam optics --- accelerator diagnostics --- High-energy physics handbook --- beam diagnostics --- Accelerators and beams --- Standard model of particle physics --- Fundamental particles and forces --- Accelerator design --- Open Access --- Particle & high-energy physics --- Scientific standards, measurement etc --- Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) --- Atomic & molecular physics