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Si on connaît le poids de l’armée, de la marine ou du service de la dette, les circuits internes qu’emprunte, au XVIIIe siècle, l’argent de l’État redistributeur demeurent encore obscurs. Les dotations des principales caisses centrales, les transferts de fonds de caisse à caisse, les ordres de paiement, notamment sur les caisses provinciales, et finalement l’acquittement des dépenses auprès des nombreux destinataires des fonds publics n’ont pas été étudiés en tant que tels. Or, apprécier la manière dont l’État organise la gestion de ses dépenses, met en œuvre les modalités de redistribution de l’argent public, et fait face (ou non) à ses obligations de paiement, nous renseigne utilement sur les relations financières qu’il entretient avec la société. Comment l’État paye les Français ? Qu’il s’agisse du paiement des soldes, gages, rentes, remboursement des corvées militaires, exemptions, remises fiscales, indemnités des expropriés, pensions, gratifications..., par quelles voies les fonds parviennent-ils à leurs destinataires ? Selon quel ordre de priorité, quelle forme (espèces, billets), quel délai ? Les travaux issus de cette journée d’études s’intéressent aux paiements de l’État moderne en observant l’administration monarchique dans un rôle plutôt gratifiant celui de dispensateur des deniers royaux, sans pour autant oublier que cette capacité de redistribution constitue l’exact pendant d’une capacité de prélèvement rendue possible par le monopole de la violence légitime.

monarchie --- administration --- fonds publics --- dépenses --- redistribution

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Religion and Politics: New Developments Worldwide features ten articles about recent developments in the interaction of Religion and Politics in various countries of Asia, Africa, Europe, and both North and South America. Most articles focus on one country, and including China, South Korea, India, Nigeria, Malaysia, France, and Cuba. Others address issues across regions such as Latin America, Southeast Asia, or the Middle East. The fifteen contributors are scholars from diverse disciplines as well as diverse regions of Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Subjects include the Indian government’s favoritism for Hinduism over rival religions; the way the Sikhs of India avoid the religion–politics divide; the way the Western media fails to fully understand the Chinese government’s policies on religious minorities; the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo demonstrations in France; religious attitudes toward tax politics in South Korea as well as among Christians compared to Muslims; how to lessen the radicalization of Muslims in Southeast Asia; whether Nigeria should encourage its Muslims to be active in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation; the spiritual role played by the permaculture movement in Cuba; and how the former tendency of scholars to polarize religion and politics is no longer viable, especially in Latin America.

religiosity --- religion --- tax equity --- exchange equity --- horizontal equity --- vertical equity --- Cuba --- permaculture --- nature spirituality --- religion and politics --- theories of religion --- deradicalization --- moderate education --- parent culture --- contextualization --- Southeast Asia --- religion --- religiosity --- ethics --- redistribution --- property rights --- economic inequality --- government --- subsidy --- tax --- public finance --- Latin America --- religion --- politics --- methodology --- theory --- Nigeria --- Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) --- foreign policy --- secularity --- economic aids --- Charlie Hebdo --- Je Suis Charlie --- January 11th 2015 --- French Republic --- secularism --- terrorism --- fraternity --- Akal Takhat --- British Raj --- halem? r?j --- Khalsa --- m?r?-p?r? --- religion and politics --- secularism --- SGPC --- Akali Dal --- Punjab --- Hindutva --- religious conversion --- ghar wapsi --- mass conversion --- India --- Dalit --- religion and politics --- People’s Republic of China --- Uyghurs --- Xinjiang --- Tibet