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This book covers a new frontier of research in Critical Materials that provides insight in terms of the possible sustainable mitigation strategies, the complexity, broadness and multi-disciplinarity of the subject. By exploring in both "systems view" and "in-depth materials view" in light of the circular economy, this book tackles the problem of sustainable usage of materials that is closely intertwined with the energy issue and climate change. Topics covered include: geopolitics of materials, the energy-materials nexus, definitions of the criticality of materials, circular product design, the development of alternative materials (substitution), sustainable mining and recycling.

Critical Materials --- Circular Economy --- Sustainability --- Resource-Efficiency --- Recycling --- Mining --- Geopolitics --- Mitigation Strategies --- Underlying Causes

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This book focuses on sustainable energy systems. While several innovative and alternative concepts are presented, the topics of energy policy, life cycle assessment, thermal energy, and renewable energy also play a major role. Models on various temporal and geographical scales are developed to understand the conditions of technical as well as organizational change. New methods of modeling, which can fulfil technical and physical boundary conditions and nevertheless consider economic environmental and social aspects, are also developed.

Active Disturbance Rejection Control --- Probabilistic Robustness --- Monte Carlo --- secondary air regulation --- areal grey relational analysis --- fuzzy rough set --- game theory --- AHP --- uncertainty analysis --- coal-fired power unit --- renewable energy --- biomass --- torrefaction --- grindability --- rotary reactor --- generation system scheduling --- integrated model --- basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand --- forecasting model for electricity demand --- biomass --- Pinus pinaster --- fuel --- heating value --- fuelwood value index --- energy density --- ash recovery --- peach --- Energy Life-Cycle Assessment --- post-harvest --- fuzzy logic control --- artificial neural networks control --- tidal stream generator --- swell effect disturbance --- doubly fed induction generator --- maximum power point tracking --- capacity investment --- market power --- wind resources --- dynamic planning --- stochastic approach --- levelized cost of energy --- photovoltaic with energy storage system --- HOMER simulation --- LCOE comparison --- sensitivity analysis --- transient impact --- renewable energy source penetration --- power system stability --- robust optimization --- renewable energy --- flexibility --- deficit --- uncertainty --- flexible resource --- energy storage systems --- active power harmonics filter --- electrostatic devices --- hysteresis switching --- op-amp --- power electronics --- power supply reliability --- electricity --- manufacturing industry --- choice experiment --- willingness to pay --- nexus concept --- energy modelling --- resource efficiency --- renewable energy --- low-carbon economy --- forecasting --- multilayer perception --- photovoltaic --- sustainable energy --- pseudo-Huber loss --- energy from biomass --- textile industrial sector --- alternative energy --- SWOT analysis --- energy costs --- Internet of Things --- thermodynamic cycle concepts --- sustainability --- modified cycle concepts --- efficiency --- energy systems --- renewable energies --- wind power plants --- hollow rollers --- large bearings