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While there are many prior studies to date on the internal conflicts in Burma, these are mostly focused on the human rights situation within the country. In addition, many previous marked studies, such as works from Thai academics, International Organizations or the World Health Organization, have highlighted the human securities of migrant workers in the destination country whereby the process of migration has already taken place. However, none of them have focused on the phenomenon of migration in relation to perceptions of borders and human security. The lack of study addressing the influence of borders and human securities as the key indicators to people’s migration behaviour supports the significance and relevance of this research.
Thailand --- borders --- security --- migrant workers --- smuggling --- trafficking
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Il est particulièrement difficile de réaliser une enquête qui voudrait combiner les méthodes ethnologique et statistique. Par définition, même si elles ne sont pas exclusives, l’une est qualitative et l’autre quantitative, l’une comme l’autre essaie de combler leur déficit scientifique et épistémologique, avec plus ou moins de succès. Nous ne prétendons pas ici avoir réussi un mariage harmonieux entre les deux méthodes, mais nous avons fait notre possible pour réaliser des projections chiffrées à partir de nos données de terrain et observations tout en les comparant avec les recherches qui ont été beaucoup plus statistiques. Cette étude veut en effet répondre à certaines questions précises : qui, combien, où et comment ? Nous avons établi des statistiques qui ne peuvent être totalement fiables, mais qui donneront une vision plus réaliste que celle existante. En ce qui concerne les études réalisées par des chercheurs, la réalité de l’immigration est certes abordée, mais non dans sa complexité, c’est-à-dire des formes sociales qui ont permis à cette immigration de devenir aussi importante, de l’incroyable complicité et solidarité des organismes officiels qui masquent les véritables chiffres et des conséquences socioculturelles ; nous sommes en présence d’une population nouvelle de plusieurs millions d’individus qui développent des stratégies d’adaptation que nous étudierons. Les chercheurs se consacrent plutôt aux aspects, non négligeables évidemment, sanitaires, éducatifs et d’identité. De manière générale, c’est la prostitution qui retient le plus souvent leur attention. Celle-ci est plus « porteuse » que l’arrivée et la « gestion » des centaines de milliers de travailleurs birmans embarqués chaque année sur des bateaux de pêche qui sont pourtant régulièrement jetés à la mer ou revendus. Toujours est-il que la capacité de résilience de cette communauté birmane est si forte qu’elle en devient presque un moteur économique de développement du sud de la Thaïlande.
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Exploring the links between armed conflict and transnational crime, Florian Weigand builds on in-depth empirical research into some of Southeast Asia’s murkiest borders. The disparate voices of drug traffickers, rebel fighters, government officials and victims of armed conflict are heard in Conflict and Transnational Crime, exploring perspectives that have been previously disregarded in understanding the field.
Armed conflict --- transnational crime book --- smuggling --- rebels --- insurgency --- borders
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At present, collecting and analyzing data from inside Myanmar remains notoriously difficult. There is, therefore, a non-Myanmar approach towards the majority of studies on Myanmar. This is especially the case when dealing with informal or illegal trade within the country’s territory. IRASEC and the Observatory on Illicit Trafficking wanted to fill this gap by giving the floor to Professor Winston Set Aung, the founder and the director of the Asia Development Research Institute, and director of the Asia Language and Business Academy in Myanmar. He is also an MBA lecturer at the Institute of Economics in Yangon and is involved in several international and regional research programs in partnership with various research institutes including the Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; Tokyo University, Japan; and the Institute for Security and Development Policy of Sweden, Stockholm Environmental Institute. The focus of Professor Winston Set Aung’s study is to provide a Myanmar-centric perspective on informal or illegal trade. The author offers an analysis regarding the process of informal exchanges through a pragmatic and non-contextualized critique. The causes of informal and illegal exchanges are identified and described without commenting on their origins. This intentional, measured, and calculated conservative perspective enables us to think on how to best use these flows in the current political situation in Myanmar. It seems therefore useful and relevant to make this data available to our readers.
underground economy --- informal trade --- borders --- cross-broders mobility --- networks --- réseaux --- trafficking --- smuggling
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Myanmar, the second biggest country in terms of area in mainland South East Asia, borders five neighboring countries: China, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, and Lao PDR. Myanmar's longest borders are with China (approximately 1,357 miles) and Thailand (approximately 1,314 miles), and it shares coastal waters with Malaysia and Singapore. Informal activities and informal moment of goods and people have been quite significant due to many factors. Although various policy measures have been developed to mitigate these informal activities, there has not been any study regarding the sources of these informal activities, their costs and benefits, impacts and consequences of the existence and non-existence of these activities, or how these activities could be mitigated without having significant negative economic and social impacts on the local people and the economy as the whole. This paper attempts to identify factors behind causes and effects of informal flows in goods and persons across the borders between Myanmar and its neighboring countries, especially China and Thailand, and to address related issues and possible policy implications. This paper is a result of various surveys and studies in many places in Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, and China from 2005 to 2009 under several research projects.
Vietnam --- Upper Greater Mekong Subregion --- informal trade --- golden triangle --- borders --- economy --- goodsnetworks --- trafficking --- smuggling --- trafic --- parallel economy --- underground economy
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Navigating Borders into the Netherlands provides a unique in-depth look at human smuggling processes. Based on biographical interviews with smuggled migrants in the Netherlands, the study reveals considerable differences that exist in smuggling's underlying causes, how journeys evolve, and outcomes of the process. This research from an insider's perspective clearly demonstrates that smuggled migrants are not passive actors, there is a broad variety in types of smugglers, and interactions between migrants and smugglers largely determine how the smuggling process evolves.
human smuggling --- irregular migration --- netherlands --- horn of africa --- fortress europe --- wetenschap algemeen --- asylum --- forced migration --- popular science --- former soviet union --- iraq --- transit migration
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