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The present Special Issue Book is a collection of scientific articles from the European Conferences of Religion, Spirituality and Health in 2014 (Malta) and 2016 (Gdansk). The overall theme is “Integrating Religion and Spirituality into Clinical Practice”. Studies are grouped under four main topics: Religion and Spirituality in Patient Care, Spirituality in Physical and Mental Disease, Health Care Professionals and Spirituality, and Faith-Based Services and Programs in Health Care. The chapters illustrate the broad range of topics presented.

religion --- spirituality --- Spiritual Well-Being --- Meaning-Making --- health --- Health Behaviors --- Disease --- Ilness Interpretation --- Mental Illness --- Substance Misuse --- Chronic Diseases, kidney disease --- clinical practice --- Spiritual Care --- Whole Person Medicine --- Treatment Adherence --- quality of life --- Spiritual Care Education --- Health Care Professionals --- Psychiatric Staff --- Spiritual Care Team --- Miraculous Healings --- Prayer --- Creativity --- Faith-based Services --- Church-based Programs --- Nursing Homes

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Why do we need more questionnaires to measure aspects of spirituality/religiosity when we already have so many well-tried instruments in use? One answer is that research in this field is growing and that new research questions continuously do arise. Several of these new questions cannot be easily answered with the instruments designed for previous questions. The field is expanding and, consequently, the research topics. Meanwhile several multidimensional instruments were developed which cover existential, prosocial, religious and non-religious forms of spirituality, hope, peace and trust—and several more. The ‘disadvantage’ of these instruments is the fact that some are conceptually broad and often rather unspecific, but they might be suited quite well for culturally and spiritually diverse populations when the intention is to compare such diverse groups. This is the reason why more research on new instruments is needed as can be found in this Special Issue, and to stimulate a critical debate about their pros and cons.

religion --- measurement --- psychometric properties --- DUREL --- RCI-10 --- China --- Reliance on God’s help --- religious trust --- faith --- questionnaire --- validation --- chronic illness --- healthy persons --- life satisfaction --- quality of life --- well-being --- Buddhism --- religiosity --- quantitative measure --- affective religiosity --- spiritual well-being --- assess --- SHALOM --- God --- complicated spiritual grief --- spiritual struggle --- spiritual crisis --- bereavement --- complicated grief --- meaning making --- religion --- spirituality --- struggle --- bifactor --- measurement --- latent --- confirmatory factor analysis --- distress --- depression --- anxiety --- cancer --- spiritual care --- needs --- spirituality --- children --- measures --- religion and health --- spirituality --- physician values --- communication --- medical ethics --- psychology --- religion --- Australia --- Judaism --- attitude --- Katz-Francis Scale of Attitude toward Judaism --- n/a