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The sharing economy and collaborative consumption are attracting a great deal of interest due to their business, legal and civic implications. The consequences of the spreading of practices of sharing in urban environments and under daily dynamics are underexplored. This Special Issue aims to address if and how sharing shapes cities, the way that spaces are designed and lived in if social interactions are escalated, and the ways that habits and routines take place in post-individualistic society. In particular, the following key questions are of primary interest: Urban fabric: How is ‘sharing’ shaping cities? Does it represent a paradigm shift with tangible and physical reverberations on urban form? How are shared mobility, work, inhabiting reconfiguring the urban and social fabric? Social practices: Are new lifestyles and practices related to sharing changing the use and design of spaces? To what extent is sharing triggering a production and consumption paradigm shift to be reflected in urban arrangements and infrastructures? Sustainability: Does sharing increase the intensity of use of space and assets, or, rather, does it increase them to meet the expectations of convenience for urban lifestyles? To what extent are these phenomena fostering more economically-, socially-, and environmentally-sustainable practices and cities? Policy: How can policy makers and municipalities interact with these bottom-up and phenomena and grassroots innovation to create more sustainable cities? Scholars responded to the above questions from the fields of urban studies, urban planning and design, sociology, geography, theoretically-grounded and informed by the results of fieldwork activities.
sharing --- coproduction --- matchmaking --- urban mobility --- mobility policy --- accessibility --- informality --- collaborative economy --- platform cooperativism --- democratic quality --- ageing --- cohousing --- architecture --- co-design --- spatial agency --- sharing --- design-research --- critical autoethnography --- Bourdieu --- bike sharing --- sustainable mobility --- sharing economic --- urban studies --- sharing economy --- sharing platform --- coworking --- coworking space --- coworking business --- collaborative workplaces --- urban regeneration --- entrepreneurial action --- Melbourne sharing economy --- Melbourne Airbnb --- architectural and urban effects of Airbnb --- socio-spatial effects of Airbnb --- Airbnb and housing typologies --- Airbnb and domestic design --- Airbnb and planning --- Airbnb and policy innovation --- Airbnb and governance --- emotions --- participation --- digital participation --- physiological sensors --- galvanic skin response --- GSR --- stress levels --- emotional layer --- urban --- coworking spaces --- social street --- social relations --- local communities --- n/a
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In several industrial fields (such as automotive, steelmaking, aerospace, and fire protection systems) metals need to withstand a combination of cyclic loadings and high temperatures. In this condition, they usually exhibit an amount—more or less pronounced—of plastic deformation, often accompanied by creep or stress-relaxation phenomena. Plastic deformation under the action of cyclic loadings may cause fatigue cracks to appear, eventually leading to failures after a few cycles. In estimating the material strength under such loading conditions, the high-temperature material behavior needs to be considered against cyclic loading and creep, the experimental strength to isothermal/non-isothermal cyclic loadings and, not least of all, the choice and experimental calibration of numerical material models and the selection of the most comprehensive design approach. This book is a series of recent scientific contributions addressing several topics in the field of experimental characterization and physical-based modeling of material behavior and design methods against high-temperature loadings, with emphasis on the correlation between microstructure and strength. Several material types are considered, from stainless steel, aluminum alloys, Ni-based superalloys, spheroidal graphite iron, and copper alloys. The quality of scientific contributions in this book can assist scholars and scientists with their research in the field of metal plasticity, creep, and low-cycle fatigue.
creep fatigue --- pure fatigue --- economy --- engineering design --- aluminum cast --- fatigue strength --- defects --- hardness --- tensile tests --- elevated temperature --- stainless steel --- environmentally-assisted cracking --- creep --- transient effects --- Sanicro 25 --- high temperature steels --- thermal–mechanical fatigue --- probabilistic design --- constitutive models --- fatigue criterion --- experimental set-ups --- LCF --- René80 --- Probabilistic modeling --- slip system-based shear stresses --- probabilistic Schmid factors --- polycrystalline FEA --- anisotropy --- Ni-base superalloy --- aluminum-silicon cylinder head --- lost foam --- pore accumulation --- pore distribution --- thermomechanical fatigue --- X-ray micro computer tomography --- cyclic plasticity --- kinematic model --- isotropic model --- hardening/softening --- thermo-mechanical fatigue --- spheroidal cast iron --- partial constraint --- crack growth models --- crack-tip cyclic plasticity --- crack-tip blunting and sharpening --- stress relaxation aging behavior --- pre-strain --- initial stress levels --- temperature --- constitutive modelling --- AA7150-T7751 --- flow stress --- activation volume --- strain rate --- temperature --- bcc --- n/a
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