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Efficient clean energy harvesting, conversion, and storage technologies are of immense importance for the sustainable development of human society. To this end, scientists have made significant advances in recent years regarding new materials and devices for improving the energy conversion efficiency for photovoltaics, thermoelectric generation, photoelectrochemical/electrolytic hydrogen generation, and rechargeable metal ion batteries. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for research scientists and engineers in these areas to demonstrate and exchange their latest research findings. This thematic topic undoubtedly represents an extremely important technological direction, covering materials processing, characterization, simulation, and performance evaluation of thin films used in energy harvesting, conversion, and storage.

density functional theory --- electron transfer --- electronic structures --- bond population --- density of states --- nickel oxide --- organic sensitizers --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- nanoparticle deposition system --- few-layer graphene nano-flakes --- supercapacitor --- Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 --- Ge incorporation --- annealing --- solar cells --- semitransparent --- organic --- perovskite --- polymer --- solar cell --- transparent conductive electrode --- color perception --- mixed metal oxides --- nanosheet arrays --- nickel-cobalt-molybdenum metal oxide (NCMO) --- supercapacitor --- energy storage --- TiO2 nanotube --- LaFeO3 --- perovskite --- heterojunction --- visible light driven --- photocatalysis --- Al2O3 oxide --- atomic layered deposition --- LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 --- Ni-rich cathode material --- lithium ion battery --- photoelectrochemical --- anode materials --- surface --- water splitting --- thin film --- coatings --- metal-dielectric-metal structure --- Fabry–Perot cavity --- perfect absorption --- halide perovskite --- degradation --- water --- PbI2 formation --- morphology --- thin films --- synthesis --- characterization --- energy harvesting --- energy conversion --- energy storage

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Nanostructured materials exploit physical phenomena and mechanisms that cannot be derived by simply scaling down the associated bulk structures and phenomena; furthermore, new quantum effects come into play in nanosystems. The exploitation of these emerging nanoscale interactions prompts the innovative design of nanomaterials. Understanding the behavior of materials on all length scales—from the nanostructure up to the macroscopic response—is a critical challenge for materials science. Modern analytical technologies based on synchrotron radiation (SR) allow for the non-destructive investigation of the chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of materials in any environment. SR facilities have developed revolutionary new ideas and experimental setups for characterizing nanomaterials, involving spectroscopy, diffraction, scatterings, microscopy, tomography, and all kinds of highly sophisticated combinations of such investigation techniques. This book is a collection of contributions addressing several aspects of synchrotron radiation as applied to the investigation of chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of nanostructured materials. The results reported here provide not only an interesting and multidisciplinary overview of the chemicophysical investigations of nanostructured materials carried out by state-of-the-art SR-induced techniques, but also an exciting glance into the future perspectives of nanomaterial characterization methods.

synchrotron radiation induced spectroscopies --- XPS --- NEXAFS --- nanostructures --- titanium alloy --- self-assembling peptides --- bioactive materials --- room temperature ionic liquids --- in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- binding energies --- cyclic voltammetry --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- micro-mesoporous carbon electrode --- supercapacitor materials --- thin films --- multilayers --- thermal conductivity --- thermal expansion --- laser heating --- synchrotron pump-probe powder scattering --- nuclear forward scattering --- metallic glasses --- magnetic annealing --- synchrotron radiation --- crystallization kinetics --- Ge(001)-2

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The book compiles scientific articles describing advances in nanomaterial synthesis and their application in water remediation. The publications treat diverse problems such as dye degradation, heavy metal ion, as well as radioactive element capture and sequestration. There are 10 original research articles and one review article. The latter proposes graphene/CNT and Prussian blue nanocomposites for radioactive 137-cesium extraction from aqueous media. All reports thoroughly characterize the nanomaterials post-synthesis and describe their catalytic, photocatalytic, or ion exchange activities in contaminated water. The dyes studied in the collection are azo dyes, i.e. methylene blue and orange, rhodamine B, phenolic dyes viz. bromophenol blue, and other dyes with sulfonyl groups. Extraction of radioactive elements, including cationic 137Cs+ and anionic 125I?, is also investigated. The omnipresence of ZnO nanoparticles in everyday products and their effects in wastewater are also evaluated. Layered double hydroxide are capable of capturing Ag ions, which then has a catalytic effect on dye degradation. The nanomaterials considered are varied, viz., graphene, CNT, Prussian blue, nanoporous carbon, layered double hydroxides, magnetite, ferrites, organic powders, polymer membranes, bacteria, and inorganic nanomaterials such as MnO and Ag. The book targets an interdisciplinary readership.

BiVO4 --- RGO --- Mn–Zn ferrite --- magnetic photocatalyst --- magnetic performance --- photocatalytic mechanism --- bioremediation --- desalination --- membrane --- nanocomposite --- radioactive iodine --- silver nanomaterials --- Dy3+ --- BiOCl --- photocatalyst --- RhB photodegradation --- doping modification --- hydrothermal method --- manganese oxide --- adsorption --- degradation --- nanomixtures --- adsorption --- bromophenol blue --- magnetic nanoparticles --- metal-organic frameworks --- wastewater --- electrospinning --- solvent vapor annealing --- structural regularity --- polydopamine --- dye removal --- beta-cyclodextrin polymer --- host–guest interaction --- dye removal --- wastewater treatment --- electrospinning --- agglomeration --- interaction --- organic pollutants --- stability --- ZnO nanoparticles --- nanoporous carbon --- adsorption properties --- dye --- adsorption models --- supercapacitor --- carbon nanotubes --- graphene --- Prussian blue --- 137-Cesium --- water remediation --- magnetic extraction --- 137Cs+ selectivity --- radioactive contamination --- LDHs --- film --- mixed wastewater --- photocatalytic activity --- n/a

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Electrochemical energy storage is becoming essential for portable electronics, electrified transportation, integration of intermittent renewable energy into grids, and many other energy and power applications. The electrode materials and their structures, in addition to the electrolytes, play key roles in supporting a multitude of coupled physicochemical processes that include electronic, ionic, and diffusive transport in electrode and electrolyte phases, electrochemical reactions and material phase changes, as well as mechanical and thermal stresses, thus determining the storage energy density and power density, conversion efficiency, performance lifetime, and system cost and safety. Different material chemistries and multiscale porous structures are being investigated for high performance and low cost. The aim of this Special Issue is to report the recent advances in materials used in electrochemical energy storage that encompass supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries.

lithium-ion batteries --- zinc sulfide --- nanotubes --- anode material --- electrochemical performance --- Mn3O4 --- carbon microfibers --- biotemplate --- microstructure --- energy storage and conversion --- electrochemical properties --- LiFePO4/C composite --- cathode material --- green synthesis route --- lithium-ion batteries --- cathode material --- X-ray diffraction --- Cr3+/Cr6+ redox pairs --- specific capacity --- cycling performance --- inductively-coupled plasma --- carbon nanostructures --- electrochemical properties --- thermal annealing --- vertical graphene --- cross-linked carbon nanofiber --- high-rate supercapacitor --- AC filtering --- pulse power storage --- lithium-ion battery --- mechanical stability --- material index --- parametric analysis --- elasto-plastic stress --- Li2MoO3 --- Co-doping --- cathode materials --- Li ion battery --- ZIF-67 --- water --- methanol --- sulfidation --- specific capacitance --- Li-rich layered oxide --- cathode materials --- voltage attenuation --- lithium-ion batteries --- solid-state complexation method --- lithium-rich layered oxide --- cathode material --- 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.8Ni0.1Co0.1O2 --- voltage decay --- co-precipitation method --- sol–gel method --- solid-state electrolyte --- submicron powder --- garnet --- lithium-ion conductivity --- solid-state batteries --- lithium ion batteries --- supercapacitors --- electrode materials --- nanostructure --- electrochemical energy storage

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As CMOS scaling is approaching the fundamental physical limits, a wide range of new nanoelectronic materials and devices have been proposed and explored to extend and/or replace the current electronic devices and circuits so as to maintain progress with respect to speed and integration density. The major limitations, including low carrier mobility, degraded subthreshold slope, and heat dissipation, have become more challenging to address as the size of silicon-based metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) has decreased to nanometers, while device integration density has increased. This book aims to present technical approaches that address the need for new nanoelectronic materials and devices. The focus is on new concepts and knowledge in nanoscience and nanotechnology for applications in logic, memory, sensors, photonics, and renewable energy. This research on nanoelectronic materials and devices will be instructive in finding solutions to address the challenges of current electronics in switching speed, power consumption, and heat dissipation and will be of great interest to academic society and the industry.

UAV --- vision localization --- hierarchical --- landing --- information integration --- memristor --- synaptic device --- spike-timing-dependent plasticity --- neuromorphic computation --- memristive device --- ZnO films --- conditioned reflex --- quantum dot --- sample grating --- cross-gain modulation --- bistability --- distributed Bragg --- semiconductor optical amplifier --- topological insulator --- field-effect transistor --- nanostructure synthesis --- optoelectronic devices --- topological magnetoelectric effect --- drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) --- gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) --- silicon on insulator (SOI) --- graphene --- supercapacitor --- energy storage --- ionic liquid --- UV irradiation --- luminescent centres --- bismuth ions --- two-photon process --- oscillatory neural networks --- pattern recognition --- higher order synchronization --- thermal coupling --- vanadium dioxide --- band-to-band tunneling --- L-shaped tunnel field-effect-transistor --- double-gate tunnel field-effect-transistor --- corner-effect --- AlGaN/GaN --- high-electron mobility transistor (HEMTs) --- p-GaN --- enhancement-mode --- 2DEG density --- InAlN/GaN heterostructure --- polarization effect --- quantum mechanical --- gallium nitride --- MISHEMT --- dielectric layer --- interface traps --- current collapse --- PECVD --- gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) --- drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) --- recessed channel array transistor (RCAT) --- on-current (Ion) --- off-current (Ioff) --- subthreshold slope (SS) --- threshold voltage (VTH) --- saddle FinFET (S-FinFET) --- potential drop width (PDW) --- shallow trench isolation (STI) --- source/drain (S/D) --- conductivity --- 2D material --- Green’s function --- reflection transmision method --- variational form --- dual-switching transistor --- third harmonic tuning --- low voltage --- high efficiency --- CMOS power amplifier IC --- insulator–metal transition (IMT) --- charge injection --- Mott transition --- conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) --- gate field effect --- atomic layer deposition (ALD) --- zinc oxide --- silicon --- ZnO/Si --- electron affinity --- bandgap tuning --- conduction band offset --- heterojunction --- solar cells --- PC1D --- vertical field-effect transistor (VFET) --- back current blocking layer (BCBL) --- gallium nitride (GaN) --- normally off power devices --- n/a