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In a dedicated Special Issue, the journal Polymers has compiled papers on the current trends and research directions within the preparation, characterization and application of polymer-based composite materials in electrical engineering applications. In recent times, this type of material has evolved to become one of the most thoroughly investigated materials, stimulated by the demand for the resource-efficient assembly of generators, transformers, communication devices, etc. Novel composites are to be used as insulating materials with high thermal conductivity and excellent temperature stability, through which premature ageing and degradation of devices shall be avoided or at least reduced. This Special Issue comprises twelve contributions by internationally renowned researchers; to mention Petru V. Nothinger (University Politehnica of Bucharest), Alun S. Vaughan (University of Southampton), Stanislaw M. Gubanski (Chalmers University of Technology), Michael Muhr (Graz University of Technology), Johan J. Smit (TU Delft), and Ulf W. Gedde (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) as prominent examples. The state-of-the-art research and technology of the area ‘micro- and nanocomposites for electrical engineering applications’ has been summarized in three review articles, while the current research trends and the development and characterization of novel materials have been described in eight original research articles. Stimulated by the vivid current interest in this topic, this Special Issue of Polymers has additionally been compiled in a book version.
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This book offers a collection of six papers addressing problems associated with the computational modeling of multi-field problems. Some of the proposed contributions present novel computational techniques, while other topics focus on applying state-of-the-art techniques in order to solve coupled problems in various areas including the prediction of material failure during the lithiation process, which is of major importance in batteries; efficient models for flexoelectricity, which require higher-order continuity; the prediction of composite pipes under thermomechanical conditions; material failure in rock; and computational materials design. The latter exploits nano-scale modeling in order to predict various material properties for two-dimensional materials with applications in, for example, semiconductors. In summary, this book provides a good overview of the computational modeling of different multi-field problems.
lithium-ion battery --- fracture analysis --- peridynamics --- pressure gradient effect --- molecular dynamics simulation --- h-BN and Graphene sheets --- thermal conductance --- thermal conductivity --- two-dimensional semiconductor --- first-principles --- mechanical --- thermal --- buried gas distribution pipes --- electrofusion socket joints --- patch repair --- medium density polyethylene (MDPE) --- high density polyethylene (HDPE) --- Von Mises stress --- finite element method --- temperature variation --- flexoelectricity --- meshless method --- composite --- size effect --- level set technique --- rock mechanics --- phase field approach to fracture --- fracture of geo-materials --- cohesive zone model --- interface modeling
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Nanostructured materials exploit physical phenomena and mechanisms that cannot be derived by simply scaling down the associated bulk structures and phenomena; furthermore, new quantum effects come into play in nanosystems. The exploitation of these emerging nanoscale interactions prompts the innovative design of nanomaterials. Understanding the behavior of materials on all length scales—from the nanostructure up to the macroscopic response—is a critical challenge for materials science. Modern analytical technologies based on synchrotron radiation (SR) allow for the non-destructive investigation of the chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of materials in any environment. SR facilities have developed revolutionary new ideas and experimental setups for characterizing nanomaterials, involving spectroscopy, diffraction, scatterings, microscopy, tomography, and all kinds of highly sophisticated combinations of such investigation techniques. This book is a collection of contributions addressing several aspects of synchrotron radiation as applied to the investigation of chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of nanostructured materials. The results reported here provide not only an interesting and multidisciplinary overview of the chemicophysical investigations of nanostructured materials carried out by state-of-the-art SR-induced techniques, but also an exciting glance into the future perspectives of nanomaterial characterization methods.
synchrotron radiation induced spectroscopies --- XPS --- NEXAFS --- nanostructures --- titanium alloy --- self-assembling peptides --- bioactive materials --- room temperature ionic liquids --- in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- binding energies --- cyclic voltammetry --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- micro-mesoporous carbon electrode --- supercapacitor materials --- thin films --- multilayers --- thermal conductivity --- thermal expansion --- laser heating --- synchrotron pump-probe powder scattering --- nuclear forward scattering --- metallic glasses --- magnetic annealing --- synchrotron radiation --- crystallization kinetics --- Ge(001)-2
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Advanced Glasses, Composites and Ceramics for High-Growth Industries (CoACH) was a European Training Network (ETN) project (http://www.coach-etn.eu/) funded by the Horizon 2020 program. CoACH involved multiple actors in the innovation ecosystem for advanced materials, composed of five universities and ten enterprises in seven different European countries. The project studied the next generation of materials that could bring innovation in the healthcare, construction, and energy sectors, among others, from new bioactive glasses for bone implants to eco-friendly cements and new environmentally friendly thermoelectrics for energy conversion. The novel materials developed in the CoACH project pave the way for innovative products, improved cost competitiveness, and positive environmental impact. The present Special Issue contains 14 papers resulting from the CoACH project, showcasing the breadth of materials and processes developed during the project.
graphitization --- wood-derived biocarbon --- thermal conductivity --- Thermoelectrics --- GeTe --- Al-doping --- Ba-doping --- loss of band convergence --- lowered zT --- geopolymer composite --- wastes incorporation --- cellulose fibers --- cellulose modification --- solid-liquid interdiffusion (SLID) bonding --- transient-liquid phase bonding (TLPB) --- skutterudite --- high-temperature thermoelectric material --- joining --- glass recycling --- alkali activation --- gel casting --- glass foams --- phosphate glass --- oxyfluoride phosphate glass --- Er2O3-doped particles --- direct particle doping --- Er3+ luminescence property --- glass–ceramic --- shear strength --- elastic modulus --- SOFC --- SOEC --- SOC --- mechanical strength --- flexural biaxial test --- ball-on-3-balls test --- fractography --- residual stresses --- evanescent wave optical fiber sensors --- diffusion --- glass fiber-reinforced polymers --- testing and aging --- Zinc --- silver-doped mesoporous glass --- chitosan --- PCL --- Vicryl Plus suture --- dip coating --- polydopamine --- silver --- antibacterial --- biocompatibility --- bioactive glass-ceramic --- coatings --- Thermoelectrics --- oxidation resistance --- hybrid-coating --- alkali activation --- inorganic gel casting --- glass–ceramic foams --- waste glass --- fly ash --- PMCs --- GFRPs --- seawater exposure --- diffusion --- ageing --- accelerated testing --- gravimetric --- DMA
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This book, a collection of 12 original contributions and 4 reviews, provides a selection of the most recent advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of polymeric nanocomposites comprising nanoparticles. The concept of nanoparticle-reinforced polymers came about three decades ago, following the outstanding discovery of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. One of the main ideas behind this approach is to improve the matrix mechanical performance. The nanoparticles exhibit higher specific surface area, surface energy, and density compared to microparticles and, hence, lower nanofiller concentrations are needed to attain properties comparable to, or even better than, those obtained by conventional microfiller loadings, which facilitates processing and minimizes the increase in composite weight. The addition of nanoparticles into different polymer matrices opens up an important research area in the field of composite materials. Moreover, many different types of inorganic nanoparticles, such as quantum dots, metal oxides, and ceramic and metallic nanoparticles, have been incorporated into polymers for their application in a wide range of fields, ranging from medicine to photovoltaics, packaging, and structural applications.
fabrication --- multielectrode array (MEA) --- PDMS --- PDMS etching --- plateau-shaped electrode --- recessed electrode --- spinal cord signal recording --- underexposure --- organosilane --- quartz microcrystal --- encapsulant --- refractive index --- thermal conductivity --- poly(dimethylsiloxanes) --- surface modification --- nanosilica --- diethyl carbonate --- carbon content --- morphology --- coatings --- fillers --- hybrid hydrogel --- MAPOSS --- mechanical properties --- swelling --- drug release --- dental resin --- methacryl POSS --- shrinkage --- hardness --- scratch resistance --- ceramizable silicone rubber --- borate --- halloysite --- composite --- ceramizable mechanism --- polysiloxanes --- mortar --- basalt fibre --- roughness --- surface free energy --- poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) --- hydrophilic --- non-releasable --- polydimethylsiloxane --- coatings --- cross-linking --- surface --- amphiphilic --- anti-bioadhesion --- hyperbranched poly(methylhydrosiloxanes) --- hydrolytic polycondensation --- 29Si-NMR --- topology of polysiloxane chains --- polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes --- high molecular weight --- nanoparticles --- PDMS --- sugar templating process --- 3D porous network --- thermal stability --- TG-FTIR --- X-ray (Micro-CT) microtomography --- sol-gel --- hybrids --- chlorogenic acid --- bioactivity --- FTIR --- TG --- polysiloxanes --- theranostics --- drug delivery --- nanomedicine --- PDMS --- silicon --- ultraviolet (UV) curable coatings --- low surface energy materials --- fluorinated siloxane resin
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With increasing power levels and power densities in electronics systems, thermal issues are becoming more and more critical. The elevated temperatures result in changing electrical system parameters, changing the operation of devices, and sometimes even the destruction of devices. To prevent this, the thermal behavior has to be considered in the design phase. This can be done with thermal end electro-thermal design and simulation tools. This Special Issue of Energies, edited by two well-known experts of the field, Prof. Marta Rencz, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and by Prof. Lorenzo Codecasa, Politecnico di Milano, collects twelve papers carefully selected for the representation of the latest results in thermal and electro-thermal system simulation. These contributions present a good survey of the latest results in one of the most topical areas in the field of electronics: The thermal and electro-thermal simulation of electronic components and systems. Several papers of this issue are extended versions of papers presented at the THERMINIC 2018 Workshop, held in Stockholm in the fall of 2018. The papers presented here deal with modeling and simulation of state-of-the-art applications that are highly critical from the thermal point of view, and around which there is great research activity in both industry and academia. Contributions covered the thermal simulation of electronic packages, electro-thermal advanced modeling in power electronics, multi-physics modeling and simulation of LEDs, and the characterization of interface materials, among other subjects.
thermal conductivity --- niobium pentoxide --- structure function --- time domain thermoreflectance --- thin film --- electronic packages --- JEDEC metrics --- model-order reduction --- thermal simulation --- LED --- compact thermal model --- boundary condition independent --- LED compact thermal models --- heating and optical power --- Cauer RC ladder --- dynamic thermal compact model --- LED --- silicone dome --- phosphor light conversion --- structure function --- thermal transient analysis --- thermal characterization --- multiple heat source --- secondary heat path --- power semiconductor devices --- IGBT --- modelling --- transient analysis --- SPICE --- switching --- thermal phenomena --- light emitting diodes --- power LEDs --- multi-domain modelling --- LED luminaire design --- DC–DC converters --- ferromagnetic cores --- modeling --- power losses --- thermal management --- carbon nanotubes --- thermal interface material --- reliability --- thermal aging --- LED digital twin --- design flow --- multi-domain compact model --- tool agnostic --- multi-LED --- thermal transient testing --- non-destructive testing --- thermal testability --- in-situ characterization --- electric aircraft --- motor cooling --- thermal management
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This Special Issue presents selected papers from the 8th
vibration-induced flow --- micro-pillar --- numerical analysis --- micro-PIV --- acoustofluidics --- microscale thermophoresis --- multiphase flow --- microfluidic channels --- nano/microparticle separation --- micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technologies --- magneto-impedance sensor --- thin-film --- high frequency --- logarithmic amplifier --- nondestructive inspection --- microfluidics --- biofabrication --- adipose tissue --- lipolysis --- tactile display --- thermal tactile display --- thermal sensation --- thermal conductivity --- liquid metal --- flexible device --- stretchable electronic substrate --- kirigami structure --- mechanical metamaterials --- surface mounting --- flexible electronic device --- contact resistance --- contact pressure --- myoblast --- skeletal muscle --- core-shell hydrogel fiber --- cyclic stretch --- engineered muscle --- laser direct writing --- femtosecond laser --- glyoxylic acid Cu complex --- reduction --- Cu micropattern --- near-infrared --- spectroscopy --- surface plasmon resonance --- Schottky barrier --- grating --- Si --- connector --- artificial blood vessel --- medical device --- blood coagulation --- implant --- artificial kidney --- biocompatible --- 4D printing --- 3D printing --- stimuli-responsive hydrogel --- electrical impedance measurement --- three-dimensional cell culture --- adipocyte --- lipid droplet --- 3T3-L1 --- functional surface --- condensation --- molecular dynamics --- wettability --- nanoscale structure --- n/a
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Advances in nanotechnology have boosted the development of more efficient materials, with emerging sectors (electronics, energy, aerospace, etc.) demanding novel materials to fulfill the complex technical requirements of their products. This is the case of polymeric foams, which may display good structural properties alongside functional characteristics through a complex composition and (micro)structure in which a gas phase is combined with rigid ones, mainly based on nanoparticles, dispersed throughout the polymer matrix. In recent years, there has been an important impulse in the development of nanocomposite foams, extending the concept of nanocomposites to the field of cellular materials. This, alongside developments in new advanced foaming technologies which have allowed the generation of foams with micro, sub-micro, and even nanocellular structures, has extended the applications of more traditional foams in terms of weight reduction, damping, and thermal and/or acoustic insulation to novel possibilities, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. This Special Issue, which consists of a total of 22 articles, including one review article written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on novel polymer-based foams in all their aspects: design, composition, processing and fabrication, microstructure, characterization and analysis, applications and service behavior, recycling and reuse, etc.
grey relational analysis --- multi-objective particle swarm optimization --- acoustic performances --- Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer --- polyurethane foam composites --- DOPO --- itaconic acid --- ethyl cellulose --- phenolic foams --- composites --- adjacent façade --- PUR --- energy conservation --- heat transfer --- burning characteristic --- semi-rigid polyurethane foams --- aluminum microfibers --- quasi-static compression tests --- mechanical properties --- energy absorption capability --- foams --- polyamide --- crystalline --- thermal conductivity --- mechanical property --- functional --- biomaterials --- composites --- EMI --- cellulose foam --- polypropylene --- foaming quality --- impact property --- intrinsic toughness --- flame-retardant ABS microcellular foams --- phosphorus flame retardants --- MuCell® injection-molding foaming --- graphene oxide --- rigid polyurethane foam --- thermogravimetric analysis --- activation energies --- extrusion foaming --- super critical CO2 --- lignin --- sound absorption coefficient --- mechanical property --- Pluronic --- surfactants --- foams --- SANS --- multilayers --- epoxy composite foam adhesive --- core–shell rubber --- impact wedge–peel test --- automobile structural adhesives --- flame retardancy --- foams --- phosphorus --- ternary synergistic effect --- polypropylene --- fluoelastomer --- scCO2 foaming --- heterogeneous nucleation --- polypropylene --- cellulose nanofiber --- foam injection molding --- mechanical properties --- polystyrene foams --- 1,3,5-benzene-trisamides --- cell nucleation --- foam extrusion --- foam morphology --- supramolecular additives --- thermal insulation --- compression properties --- piezoelectric --- functional foam --- piezocomposite --- PZT --- expandable microspheres --- permittivity --- polyetherimide foams --- graphene --- multifunctional foams --- ultrasonication --- scCO2 --- electrical conductivity --- polymer waste --- polyurethane foam --- leaching test --- microstructure --- absorbent PMI foam --- metallic tube --- electromagnetic wave absorption --- mechanical properties --- failure mechanism --- polymers --- foams --- shock compression --- equation of state --- epoxy --- foams --- expandable microspheres --- graphene --- nanotubes --- conductivity --- syntactic foams --- n/a
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